不同抑芽剂对烤烟腋芽生长及烟叶产量、质量和安全性的影响

Effects of Different Germ Inhibitors on Axillary Bud Growth,Yield,Quality and Safety in Tobacco

以云烟87为试验材料,于2021—2022年在大理和石林进行田间小区试验,研究二甲戊灵、仲丁灵、氟节胺对烤烟腋芽的抑制效果和烟叶产质量以及烤后烟叶抑芽剂残留量的影响。试验结果表明:使用抑芽剂均能提高烟株腋芽抑制效果并于施药后14 d达到最佳,同时,还能提高烤烟产量和中上等烟比例,增加产值;其中2021年大理和2022年石林试验点均以仲丁灵处理的单位面积产量、产值和中上等烟比例最高,其产量分别提高了22.82%和58.80%,产值分别提高了40.76%和78.87%;2022年大理试验点则以50%仲丁灵+50%氟节胺的处理效果最佳,烟叶产量和产值分别提高了8.59%和20.39%;此外,在推荐剂量下合理施用抑芽剂,烤后烟叶的农药残留均低于国际烟草合作研究中心规定的农药最大残留限量值。综上,仲丁灵是提高烟株腋芽抑制效果、提升烟叶产质量、增加经济效益的较优选择。

Field plot trials were conducted in Dali and Shilin from 2021 to 2022 with Yunyan 87 as the test material.The effects of pendimethalin,butralin and flumetralin on axillary buds inhibition of tobacco and yield and quality of tobacco,as well as the residual amount of bud inhibitors in tobacco after roasting were studied.The results showed that the use of germination inhibitors improved axillary bud inhibition in tobacco plants and was optimized at 14 d after application.Meanwhile,the use of germ inhibitors increased the yield of roasted tobacco,the proportion of medium,high quality tobacco,and the value of production.Among them,the highest yield per hectare,value of production per hectare,and proportion of medium to high quality tobacco were obtained with the butralin treatment in Dali in 2021 and in Shilin in 2022,in which yields increased by 22.82%and 58.80%,production value increased by 40.76%and 78.87%respectively.For the Dali experimental station in 2022,the best treatment was 50%butralin+50%flumetralin,in which tobacco production and output increased by 8.59%and 20.39%respectively.Furthermore,under rational application of germicidal agents at recommended dosages,the pesticide residues in the roasted tobacco were lower than the maximum residue limits set by the Cooperation Center for Scientific Research Relative to Tobacco(CORESTA).In conclusion,butralin treatment is a better choice to improve the axillary bud inhibition effect of tobacco plants,enhance the yield and quality of tobacco and increase the economic benefits.