不同施肥模式对玉米生长和产量的影响

Effect of Different Fertilization Patterns on Growth and Yield of Maize

以不施磷肥(CK_(0))和施用100%磷肥(CK_(1))为对照,设置减磷20%(P_(1))、减磷40%(P_(2))、不施有机肥(O_(0))、施普通有机肥(O_(1))、施生物有机肥(O_(2)),通过田间小区两因素试验,研究了不同减磷配施有机肥处理对玉米生长和产量的影响。结果表明:随着磷肥施用量的减少,玉米株高、茎粗、叶面积指数、生物量、产量贡献率和产量等指标均有不同程度的降低;合理减少磷肥施用量并配施有机肥可以提高玉米的株高、茎粗、叶面积指数,促进干物质积累,增加干物质在穗和籽粒中的分配比例,提高干物质积累对产量的贡献率,以减磷20%配施生物有机肥(P_(1)O_(2))处理的综合效果最佳;与CK_(1)相比,P_(1)O_(2)处理的玉米株高提高了8.21%,茎粗提高了6.65%,叶面积指数提高了15.48%,秃尖长降低了20.45%,产量增加了16.03%。

No phosphorus fertilizer(CK_(0))and 100%phosphorus fertilizer(CK_(1))were used as the control,and phosphorus reduction by 20%(P_(1)),phosphorus reduction by 40%(P_(2)),no organic fertilizer(O_(0)),common organic fertilizer(O_(1))and bio-organic fertilizer(O_(2))were set up.the effects of different phosphorus fertilizer reduction ratios with organic fertilizers on the growth and yield of maize were studied by field two-factor test.The results showed that with the reduction of phosphorus fertilizer application,the indexes of maize plant height,stem thickness,leaf area index,biomass,yield contribution rate and yield decreased to different degrees.Reasonable reduction of phosphorus fertilizer application and combined application of bio-organic fertilizer can improve the maize plant height,stem thickness,leaf area index,promote dry matter accumulation,increase the distribution of dry matter in the ears and kernels,and improve the contribution rate of dry matter accumulation to the kernels.The comprehensive effect of 20%phosphorus reduction combined with biological organic fertilizer(P_(1)O_(2))was the best.Compared with CK_(1),plant height of P_(1)O_(2) increased by 8.21%,stem thickness increased by 6.65%,leaf area index increased by 15.48%,baldness tip length decreased by 20.45%,and yield increased by 16.03%.