江西省不同播期早稻热量资源利用分析

Analysis of Heat Resource Utilization of Early Rice Sown on Different Dates in Jiangxi Province

基于江西省1961—2022年83个气象台站的日平均气温资料,利用气候倾向率、MK突变检验等分析方法,分析了近62 a江西省不同地区稳定通过10℃初日、农户正常播种时间、2022年全省85个县早播示范点播种时间的热量资源变化特征及不同播期间热量资源差异。结果表明:(1)早稻的正常播种时间较早播和10℃初日播种时间偏晚10 d以上,各播期赣南播种时间均早于赣北。(2)各播期全生育期内平均气温和积温呈逐渐上升趋势,早播和10℃初日的升高幅度明显大于正常播期;正常播期下全生育期的平均气温显著高于早播和初日,但积温显著低于早播和初日全生育期积温。(3)与正常播期相比,赣南早播和10℃初日全生育期积温的增加幅度大于赣北,早播和10℃初日全生育期积温赣南整体平均偏高8.00%以上。(4)通过突变检验可知,各播期平均气温和积温的突变年份均为2000年前后。因此,在农户正常播期条件下,适当提前早稻播种期有利于延长双季稻生长期以及提高当地热量资源利用率。

Based on daily average temperature data from 1961 to 2022 collected from 83 weather stations in Jiangxi Province,we analyzed the change characteristics of heat resources and the differences of heat resources at different sowing dates of beginning date of 10℃in different regions of Jiangxi Province in the past 62 years,the normal sowing time of farmers and the sowing time of early sowing demonstration sites in 85 counties in 2022 by climate tendency rate and MK mutation analysis.The results showed that:(1)The normal sowing time of early rice was more than 10 days later than that of early rice and beginning date of 10℃,and the sowing time in southern Jiangxi was earlier than that in northern Jiangxi.(2)The average temperature and accumulated temperature during the whole growth period of each sowing date showed increasing trend,the upward trend of early sowing and beginning date of 10℃were more obvious than that of normal sowing.The average temperature of the whole growth period was significantly higher than that of early sowing and beginning date of 10℃,and the accumulated temperature was significantly lower than that during the whole growth period of early sowing and beginning date of 10℃.(3)Compared with the normal sowing date,the increase of accumulated temperature in the whole growth period of early sowing and beginning date of 10℃were higher in southern than in northern Jiangxi Province,and the accumulated temperature in the whole growth period of early sowing and beginning date of 10℃were more than 8.00%higher in southern Jiangxi Province.(4)The mutation test showed that the mean temperature and accumulated temperature of each sowing period were around 2000.Therefore,under the condition of normal sowing date,it is beneficial to extend the growing season of early season rice and improve the utilization rate of local heat resources if the sowing time of early rice is properly advanced.