语言的制度意义——卢梭语言起源问题新论

The Institutional Meaning of Language--A New Study on the Origin of Rousseau’s Language

通过思考语言起源,卢梭发现了“真正的社会”的形成及其特质,由此构成他反思现代社会的理论基础,进而提炼出建构更加合理的社会需要的最珍贵的东西——一种人与人之间心理上的、作为整体的凝聚物——政治德性。这是一种在理性基础上缔结社会契约的最初约定,即个人的意志服从普遍的意志的政治美德。普遍的意志具有超越个体、统一社会的强大力量,在于其普遍性,是人人都会认同的判断和信条。学界以往对卢梭语言著述的研究着重从语言学角度展开,遮蔽了语言与政治制度的隐秘关联,阐明卢梭语言著述的理论内涵,有助于把握卢梭社会理论的整全逻辑。

By thinking about the origin of language,Rousseau found the formation of“real society”and its characteristics,which constituted the theoretical basis for his reflection on modern society,and then extracted the most precious thing needed to construct a more reasonable society--a psychological,as a whole cohesion between people--political virtue.It is a political virtue that concludes the initial agreement of the social contract on the basis of reason,that is,the subordination of the will of the individual to the will of the general.The universal will has the great power to transcend the individual and unify the society,because it is universal,and it is a judgment and creed that everyone can agree on.In the past,the academic circles focused on the study of Rousseau’s language works from the perspective of linguistics,covered the secret relationship between language and political system,and clarified the theoretical connotation of Rousseau’s language works,which is helpful to grasp the whole logic of Rousseau’s social theory.