社会比较效应与内卷倾向的关系:基于胜任需要满足的中介模型

The Relationship Between Social Comparison Effect and Involution Tendency:The Mediating Role of Competence Needs Satisfaction

目的:探讨社会比较效应、基本心理需要满足与内卷倾向的关系。方法:采用方便取样法,于2022年5月使用社会比较认同-对比效应量表、基本心理需要满足量表和自编的内卷倾向问卷对天津、北京两地高校的555名青年学生进行线上和线下问卷调查,并应用结构方程模型进行统计分析。结果:上行对比、上行同化和胜任需要满足正向预测内卷倾向,下行对比负向预测内卷倾向。以四种社会比较效应为自变量、内卷倾向为因变量,三种基本心理需要满足为中介变量建立的结构方程模型(混合式),有三条路径(上行对比→胜任需要满足→内卷倾向,上行同化→胜任需要满足→内卷倾向,下行同化→胜任需要满足→内卷倾向)的中介作用显著(β=-0.110,95%CI:-0.209~-0.050;β=0.198,95%CI:0.102~0.315;β=-0.097,95%CI:-0.190~-0.040)。结论:社会比较效应不同程度预测内卷倾向,胜任需要满足在两者之间起着中介作用。

Objective:To explore the relationship between social comparison effect,basic psychological needs satisfaction,and involution tendency.Methods:Using the convenience sampling method,in May 2022,a total of 555 young college students in Tianjin and Beijing were surveyed online and offline with the Identification/Contrast Social Comparison Scale,the Basic Needs Satisfaction in General Scale,and the Involution Tendency Questionnaire.SPSS and AMOS were used to perform statistical analysis.Results:Upward contrast,upward identification,and competence needs satisfaction positively predict the involution tendency,and downward contrast negatively predicts the involution tendency.The structural equation model(mixed type)was established with four types of social comparison effects as independent variables,involution tendency as the dependent variable,and three basic psychological needs satisfaction as the mediating variables.The mediating role is significant in three pathways(upward contrast→competence needs satisfaction→involution tendency,upward identification→competence needs satisfaction→involution tendency,downward identification→competence needs satisfaction→involution tendency)(β=-0.110,95%CI:-0.209 to-0.050;β=0.198,95%CI:0.102 to 0.315;β=-0.097,95%CI:-0.190 to-0.040).Conclusion:The social comparison effect predicts involution tendency to varying degrees,and competence needs satisfaction plays a mediating role between the two.