我国居民亲环境行为伦理困境及其对亲环境行为自觉的影响

Ethical Dilemma of Pro-Environmental Behavior of Chinese Residents and Their Influence on Their Awareness of the Behavior

从居民亲环境行为所隐含的“自我成本”与“利他”逻辑矛盾出发,以“心理栅栏”为形象隐喻,从亲环境行为伦理困境视角创新解读了阻碍居民亲环境行为自觉的矛盾性认知因素,认为居民行动过程中所经历的亲环境行为伦理困境可视为对多种不一致的伦理或行为准则所形成的冲突点进行整体性识别、解读、评价和判断的认知过程。继而引入双继承理论,沿着“基因与文化-社会与个人规范-亲环境行为伦理困境”的推理脉络,综合扎根理论和定量研究,发现了我国居民亲环境行为伦理困境的四维结构:自我型、角色型、关系型和空间型。进一步,实证研究结果发现了亲环境行为伦理困境对于公领域和私领域亲环境行为自觉都具有显著的负向影响。所得结论不仅丰富了亲环境行为理论的多角度研究,同时也延展了伦理困境理论的应用边界,并可为政府、组织、社区、家庭、个体等多元主体在推进全民化亲环境行为进程中提供系统化、精准化、个体化的指导与帮助。

Starting from the logical contradiction between“cost”and“altruism”implied by the proenvironmental behavior of residents,using the“psychological fence”as a metaphor,and focusing on the ethical dilemma of pro-environmental behavior,this paper innovatively interprets the contradictory cognitive factors that hinder the self-awareness of pro-environmental behavior of residents and argues that the ethical dilemma of pro-environmental behavior experienced by residents in the course of their actions can be seen as a holistic cognitive process of identifying,interpreting,evaluating and judging the conflict points formed by multiple inconsistent ethical or behavioral codes.Then,following the introduction of dual inheritance theory,along the line of reasoning of“genes and culture-social and personal norms-the ethical dilemma of pro-environmental behavior”,it identifies a four-dimensional structure of the ethical dilemma of pro-environmental behavior among Chinese residents by integrating grounded and quantitative research:ego dimension,role dimension,relationship dimension,and space dimension.The results of the empirical study show that the ethical dilemma of pro-environmental behavior has a significant negative predictive effect on voluntary pro-environmental behavior in both the public and private domains.The findings of this paper not only enrich the multi-faceted study of the pro-environmental behavior theory,but also extend the boundaries of the application of the ethical dilemma theory,and provide systematic,precise,and individualized guidance and assistance to multiple actors,such as government,organizations,communities,families,and individuals,in the process of promoting universal pro-environmental behavior.