摘要
基于连续4年田间定位试验,探讨了紫云英和秸秆替代部分化肥对双季稻产量、土壤综合肥力和植株养分含量的影响。试验设置6个等养分投入处理:①冬闲+氮、磷、钾化肥(CF);②冬闲+秸秆低量还田+氮、磷、钾化肥(RSL);③冬闲+秸秆高量还田+氮、磷、钾化肥(RSH);④紫云英+氮、磷、钾化肥(MV);⑤紫云英+秸秆低量还田+氮、磷、钾化肥(MV+RSL);⑥紫云英+秸秆高量还田+氮、磷、钾化肥(MV+RSH)。结果表明:早稻季,将有机物料替代比例控制在20%以内,水稻产量保持稳定;当替代比例达到39%及以上时,水稻产量显著降低。晚稻季,与CF处理相比,其余各处理提高了土壤有机质和全氮含量,其中,以RSH处理提升效果最为明显,分别提高了11.15%和7.64%。与RSH处理相比,MV+RSH处理土壤综合肥力指数提高了8.5%。与CF处理相比,MV和RSH处理显著提高了水稻籽粒磷、钾含量。综上可知,等养分投入条件下,利用2500kg/hm^(2)秸秆替代20%化肥在保证水稻稳产的同时可提高土壤肥力;紫云英与秸秆联合利用能显著改善土壤肥力状况,但该模式下替代化肥的比例过高在短期内可能有减产的风险。
Based on four consecutive years of field experiment including the following 6 treatments:1)Winter fallow+N,P,K(CF);2)Winter fallow+low amount of rice straw returning+N,P,K(RSL);3)Winter fallow+high amount of rice straw returning+N,P,K(RSH);4)Chinese milk vetch+N,P,K(MV);5)Chinese milk vetch+low amount of rice straw returning+N,P,K(MV+RSL);6)Chinese milk vetch+high amount of rice straw returning+N,P,K(MV+RSH),this study comparatively analyzed rice yields,soil integrated fertilities(IFIs)and plant nutrients under the above treatments.In early rice season,rice yield remained stable when the organic substitution ratio was kept within 20%but significantly decreased when the substitution ratio reached 39%.In late rice season,compared with the CF treatment,organic matter returned significantly increased soil organic matter and total nitrogen contents,among which RSH treatment had the most significant effect,increased by 11.15%and 7.64%,respectively.Different proportions of Chinese milk vetch and straw replacing chemical fertilizers improved soil IFIs,IFI of MV+RSH treatment increased by 8.5%compared with RSH treatment,and the treatments including MV or RSH significantly increased rice phosphorus and potassium contents compared with CF treatment.In conclusion,under the equal nutrient inputs,using 2500 kg/hm^(2) rice straw replacing 20%chemical fertilizers could ensure stable rice yield and increase soil fertility.The co-utilization of Chinese milk vetch and rice straw significantly increased soil fertility,however,the over-representation of organic substitution may result in diminished output in a short time.
作者
袁浩亮
张江林
鲁艳红
廖育林
高雅洁
孙玉桃
曹卫东
聂军
YUAN Haoliang;ZHANG Jianglin;LU Yanhong;LIAO Yulin;GAO Yajie;SUN Yutao;CAO Weidong;NIE Jun(Longping Branch,College of Biology,Hunan University,Changsha 410125,China;Hunan Soil and Fertilizer Institute,Changsha 410125,China;Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Arable Land Conservation(Hunan),Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Changsha 410125,China;Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China)
出处
《土壤》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第6期1216-1222,共7页
Soils
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1700200)
现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金项目(CARS-22-G-11)
国家自然科学基金联合基金项目(U19A2046)资助。
关键词
紫云英
秸秆
双季稻
土壤肥力
植株养分
Chinese milk vetch
Straw
Double cropping rice
Soil fertility
Plant nutrient