互动仪式:青少年戏剧治疗小组的服务机制探析

Interaction Ritual:Analysis of the Service Mechanism of Juvenile Drama Therapy Group

戏剧疗法是近年来兴起的一种以人为本的治疗方法,尝试以更灵活、创新、隐喻的手段,缓解或解决服务对象面临的心理与社会问题。基于“问题青少年”戏剧治疗小组的社会工作介入服务行动实践,本研究以互动仪式理论为视角,探讨其治疗过程的实现机制。社会工作戏剧治疗的核心是以文本、空间和技术作为共同关注的行动焦点,将自省、改变和希望作为情感能量的来源,并通过戏剧治疗过程中共享的情感状态的交互强化,使青少年获得正向的自我认知,缓解家庭关系,从而促进青少年成长问题的解决。实现这一过程的机制涉及信任构建、防御消解、焦点制造、情感递进等关键环节。为避免在治疗过程中出现情感能量此消彼长及权力支配等问题,需要注意以正向符号延长情感状态,以优势视角化解青少年的抵触心理,在互动仪式过程中寻找和解决问题而非进行道德评判,以及通过强调内观自我价值来消解权力支配。

Drama therapy is a people-oriented therapeutic method that has emerged in recent years,aiming to address the psychological and social challenges faced by individuals through flexible,innovative,and metaphorical approaches.However,existing studies primarily focus on interpreting psychological mechanisms while neglecting the analysis of the integrated service mechanism encompassing individual psychology and structural environment.Drawing upon the action practice of drama therapy groups for“adolescents with behavioral challenges”within social work intervention services,this study explores the therapeutic process and its realization mechanism from an interactive ritual theory perspective.The core of social work drama therapy lies in prioritizing text,space,and technology as shared concerns for action while considering introspection,change,and hope as sources of emotional energy.Through reinforcing shared emotional states during drama therapy sessions,adolescents can develop positive self-cognition and improve family relationships to effectively address their growth issues.Key elements involved in achieving this process include trust-building,defense digestion,focus creation,and emotional progression.Furthermore,to avoid problems related to emotional energy shifts and power dynamics during treatment processes,it is crucial to extend positive symbols when addressing emotions;dissolve conflict psychology among adolescents by emphasizing superiority perspectives;identify and resolve issues through interactive rituals rather than relying solely on moral judgments;finally dissolving power imbalances by highlighting Vipassana’s self-value perspective.