地下空间疏散指示标志设置对寻路效率影响研究

Study on the Impact of Evacuation Signage Configuration on Wayfinding Efficiency in Underground Spaces

我国地下空间的开发与利用呈现深层化、规模化和复合化的趋势,对应急疏散安全带来严峻挑战。疏散指示标志对紧急情况下的人员的疏散寻路过程至关重要。本文描述了一种基于VR技术的地下空间中疏散指示标志对人员应急疏散寻路行为影响的实验研究方法,探讨了地下空间中疏散指示标志位置和颜色对疏散寻路效率的影响。研究设计了2个对照实验组,通过5个虚拟场景分别测试了标志位于地面、墙角、顶部3个位置以及标志采用绿色、红色、蓝色3种配色方案下人员在疏散路径选择和疏散效率上的表现。实验结果表明:位于墙角的疏散标识在引导性和疏散效率上优于位于地面或顶部的标志;采用绿色标志在最短路径引导率和效率方面显著优于红色和蓝色。研究结果补充了地下空间人员应急疏散寻路行为的基础知识,可用于改善现有地下空间人员疏散模型和相关应急安全政策。

The development and utilization of underground space in China is developing rapidly,showing the trend of deepening,scale,and compounding,which brings severe challenges to emergency evacuation safety.Evacuation signs are vital to the evacuation route-finding process of people in emergencies.This paper describes an experimental research method of the influence of evacuation signs on emergency evacuation route-finding behavior of people in underground space based on VR technology,and explores the impact of the position and color of evacuation signs on evacuation route-finding efficiency in underground space through empirical experiments.Two experimental control groups were designed,and five virtual scenes were used to test the performance of evacuation route selection and evacuation route length when the signs were located on the ground,in the corner,and at the top,and when the signs adopted three color schemes:green,red and blue.The results show that:70% of the participants can be guided to the exit through the shortest path by the evacuation sign located in the corner,and the evacuation efficiency reaches 0.84,which is better than the sign located on the ground or at the top.The adoption of green signs is significantly superior to red and blue in the shortest path guiding the rate and efficiency.The study results supplement the basic knowledge of emergency evacuation behavior of underground space occupants and can improve the existing evacuation model of underground space and relevant emergency safety policies.