基于潜在剖面分析的食管癌患者家庭照顾者疾病获益感分型及其影响因素

Classification and influencing factors of benefit finding in family caregivers of esophageal cancer based on latent profile analysis

目的基于潜在剖面分析识别食管癌患者家庭照顾者疾病获益感的分型,分析不同分型的影响因素。方法采用横断面调查方法,于2020年5月至2021年2月,便利抽样选取常州市第一人民医院和江南大学附属医院住院治疗的255名食管癌患者的主要家庭照顾者为研究对象。使用一般资料调查表、疾病获益感量表、医院焦虑抑郁量表、事件相关反刍性沉思问卷对研究对象进行调查。结果食管癌患者家庭照顾者疾病获益感分为2个潜在剖面类型,低获益反思组为33.3%(85/255)和高成长适应组为66.7%(170/255),二元Logistic回归分析结果显示,高中及以上学历(OR=0.053,P<0.05)、目的性反刍性沉思得分较高(OR=0.778,P<0.01)的家庭照顾者疾病获益感程度较高;侵入性反刍性沉思得分较高(OR=1.163,P<0.05)、焦虑(OR=1.323,P<0.01)、抑郁(OR=1.128,P<0.05)得分较高的家庭照顾者疾病获益感程度较低。结论食管癌患者照顾者疾病获益感分型特征存在异质性,健康管理人员和护理人员应根据不同分型的照顾者制订针对性的心理疏导和干预措施,提高照顾者的疾病获益感水平。

Objective To explore the categories and influencing factors of family caregivers′benefit finding in patients with esophageal cancer based on latent profile analysis.Methods From May 2020 to February 2021,255 primary family caregivers of patients with esophageal cancer in the First People′s Hospital of Changzhou and Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University were selected for the study using a cross-sectional survey method.Surveys were conducted by the General Information Questionnaire,the Benefit finding Scale,the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale,and the Event Related Rumination Inventory.Results The benefit finding among family caregivers of patients with esophageal cancer was divided into 2 latent profile classifications,low benefit rumination group 33.3%(85/255)and high growth adaptation group 66.7%(170/255),and the results of binary Logistic regression analysis showed that caregivers with high school education or above(OR=0.053,P<0.05)and higher deliberate rumination scores(OR=0.778,P<0.01)had a higher degree of benefit finding;caregivers with higher intrusive rumination scores(OR=1.163,P<0.05)and higher anxiety(OR=1.323,P<0.01)and depression scores(OR=1.128,P<0.05)had a lower benefit finding.Conclusions There is heterogeneity in the caregiver′s benefit finding of patients with esophageal cancer.Health professionals and nursing staff should develop targeted psychological support and interventions to improve the caregiver′s benefit finding according to the different sub-types of caregivers.