糖尿病肾脏病Ⅲ期和Ⅳ期患者中医证型分布规律研究

Study on the Distribution of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome Types in Patients with Diabetic Kidney Disease at StagesⅢandⅣ

【目的】探讨糖尿病肾脏病(diabetic kidney disease,DKD)中医证型分布规律,研究中医证型与实验室指标间的关系,为DKD的中医辨证论治提供客观化依据。【方法】对157例DKDⅢ期和Ⅳ期患者进行中医辨证分型,分析其本虚证与标实证的证型分布规律;检测患者24 h尿蛋白(24hUTP)、血肌酐(Scr)、尿素氮(UREA)、血浆白蛋白(Alb)、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)含量,分析中医证型与上述生化指标的关系。【结果】(1)DKD不同分期本虚证证型分布情况:DKDⅢ期患者本虚证证型分布比例由高到低依次为阴虚燥热证[58.57%(41/70)]、气阴两虚证[28.57%(20/70)]、阴阳两虚证[10.00%(7/70)]、脾肾气虚证[2.86%(2/70)];DKDⅣ期患者本虚证证型分布比例由高到低依次为阴虚燥热证[40.23%(35/87)]、气阴两虚证[29.89%(26/87)]、脾肾气虚证[18.39%(16/87)]、阴阳两虚证[11.49%(10/87)]。DKD不同分期患者的本虚证证型分布情况比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。但总的来说均表现出随着疾病进展,DKD患者阴虚燥热证减少,气阴两虚证、脾肾气虚证、阴阳两虚证增加的趋势。(2)DKD不同分期标实证证型分布情况:DKDⅢ期患者标实证证型分布比例由高到低依次为湿热证[54.29%(38/70)]、痰瘀证[27.14%(19/70)]、血瘀证[10.00%(7/70)]、寒湿证[8.57%(6/70)];DKDⅣ期患者标实证证型分布比例由高到低依次为湿热证[44.83%(39/87)]、痰瘀证[35.63%(31/87)]、寒湿证[14.94%(13/87)]、血瘀证[4.60%(4/87)]。DKD不同分期患者的标实证证型分布情况比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。(3)中医证型与生化指标的关系:DKD脾肾气虚证患者的Scr、UREA水平均明显高于阴虚燥热证患者,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);DKD寒湿证患者的Scr、24hUTP水平均明显高于湿热证患者,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。【结论】DKDⅢ期和Ⅳ期患者均以阴虚燥热证为主,并随着疾病进展表现出阴虚燥热→气阴两虚→脾肾气虚→阴阳两虚的发展规律;湿邪和瘀血是DKD的主要致病因素;Scr、UREA、24hUTP与DKD中医证型有关,可用来指导DKD的中医辨证分型。

Objective To investigate the distribution of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)syndrome types in diabetic kidney disease(DKD),and to explore the correlation between TCM syndrome types and laboratory indices,so as to provide an objective basis for the TCM syndrome differentiation and treatment of DKD.Methods Syndrome differentiation was carried out in the 157 patients with DKD at stagesⅢandⅣ,and then the distribution of the syndromes of deficiency in the origin and the syndromes of excess in the superficiality was explored.The levels of 24-hour urinary total protein(24hUTP),serum creatinine(Scr),blood urea nitrogen(UREA),plasma albumin(Alb),total cholesterol(TC),and triglyceride(TG)of the patients were detected,and then the relationship between the TCM syndrome types and the biochemical indexes was analyzed.Results(1)The distribution of the syndromes of deficiency in the origin in DKD patients at different stages showed that DKD patients at stageⅢwere mainly differentiated as yin deficiency and dryness-heat syndrome[58.57%(41/70)],qi and yin deficiency syndrome[28.57%(20/70)],yin and yang deficiency syndrome[10.00%(7/70)],and spleen and kidney qi deficiency syndrome[2.86%(2/70)];DKD patients at stageⅣwere mainly differentiated as yin deficiency and dryness-heat syndrome[40.23%(35/87)],qi and yin deficiency syndrome[29.89%(29/87)],spleen and kidney qi deficiency syndrome[18.39%(16/87)],and yin and yang deficiency syndrome[11.49%(10/87)].The differences in the distribution of the syndromes of deficiency in the origin among the DKD patients at different stages were statistically significant(P<0.05).However,with the progression of the disease,DKD patients at different stages in general showed a trend of the decrease in the proportion of yin deficiency and drynessheat syndrome while the increase in the proportions of qi and yin deficiency syndrome,spleen and kidney qi deficiency syndrome,and yin and yang deficiency syndrome.(2)The distribution of the syndromes of excess in the superficiality in DKD patients at different stages showed that DKD patients at stageⅢwere mainly differentiated as damp-heat syndrome[54.29%(38/70)],phlegm-stasis syndrome[27.14%(19/70)],bloodstasis syndrome[10.00%(7/70)],and cold-damp syndrome[8.57%(6/70)];DKD patients at stageⅣwere mainly differentiated as damp-heat syndrome[44.83%(39/87)],phlegm-stasis syndrome[35.63%(31/87)],cold-damp syndrome[14.94%(13/87)],and blood-stasis syndrome[4.60%(4/87)].There were no significant differences in the distribution of the syndromes of excess in the superficiality among the DKD patients at different stages(P>0.05).(3)The analysis of relationship between TCM syndrome type and biochemical indexes showed that Scr and UREA levels of DKD patients with spleen and kidney qi deficiency syndrome were significantly higher than those of patients with yin deficiency and dryness-heat syndrome,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05);Scr and 24hUTP levels of DKD patients with cold-damp syndrome were significantly higher than those of patients with damp-heat syndrome,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion DKD patients at stagesⅢandⅣare all predominantly suffering from yin deficiency and dryness-heat syndrome,and with the progression of the disease,the syndrome of yin deficiency and dryness-heat develops into qi and yin deficiency syndrome,spleen and kidney qi deficiency syndrome,and yin and yang deficiency syndrome sequentially.Pathogenic dampness and blood stasis are the main pathogenic factors of DKD.And Scr,UREA,and 24hUTP are correlated with the TCM syndrome types of DKD,which will be helpful for the differentiation of TCM syndrome types of DKD.