农村“交快合作”模式政府补贴策略的选择

Government Subsidy Strategy for Rural Passenger and Express Transportation Model

利用农村公交闲置运力进行快递配送的“交快合作”模式,有助于解决农村快递的最后1 km配送难题,同时促进农村公交的可持续发展。相关主体合作前后的收益对比是决定是否参与该模式的决定性因素。为探究政府补贴策略对相关主体收益和最优决策的影响,考虑公交企业的风险规避倾向,构建了由快递物流企业、公交企业和快递接收方组成的农村快递配送“交快合作”模式博弈模型。分析了无合作、“交快合作”、“交快合作+按快递量补贴”、“交快合作+按风险规避成本补贴”4种情形下相关主体的最优决策和收益。探讨了风险规避敏感系数和政府补贴总额对农村快递配送“交快合作”各成员最优策略及利润的影响。研究发现:农村快递配送“交快合作”模式有利于提升各相关方的收益、消费者剩余以及社会整体福利,但在政府固定补贴策略下,快递配送服务水平可能会降低;消费者对企业风险规避程度的敏感性是影响相关主体决策的重要因素;从改善社会整体福利和提高农村地区快递服务水平的角度,“按风险规避成本补贴”为最优补贴策略;从增加公交企业收益的角度,“按快递量补贴”为最优策略。研究结果可为农村快递配送“交快合作”模式下政府补贴策略的选择提供理论依据。

The rural passenger and express transportation model of utilizing idle capacity of rural public transportation for express delivery can help solve the last mile delivery problem of rural express delivery and promote the sustainable development of rural public transportation.The comparison of benefits before and after cooperation among relevant entities is a decisive factor in determining whether to participate in this model.In order to explore the impact of government subsidy strategies on the returns and optimal decisions of relevant entities,and to consider the risk aversion tendency of public transportation enterprises,a competition model of rural passenger and express transportation mode consisting of express logistics enterprises,public transportation enterprises and express delivery recipients is constructed.The optimal decisions and returns of the relevant entities under 4 situations are analyzed,which are no cooperation,cooperation,“cooperation+subsidies according to the volume of express delivery”and“cooperation+subsidies according to the cost of risk avoidance”.The influence of the sensitivity coefficient of risk avoidance and the total amount of government subsidies on the optimal strategy and profits of the members of rural passenger and express transportation model is discussed.The result shows that(1)the rural passenger and express transportation model is conducive to improving the income of all relevant parties,consumer surplus and the overall welfare of society,however,the service level of express delivery may be reduced under the fixed subsidy strategy of the government;(2)the sensitivity of consumers to the degree of enterprise risk avoidance is an important factor affecting the decision-making of relevant entities;(3)from the perspective of improving the overall social welfare and improving the level of express delivery service in rural areas,the optimal subsidy strategy is cost subsidy based on risk avoidance;(4)from the perspective of increasing the revenue of public transport enterprises,the optimal strategy is subsidies according to the volume of express delivery.The study result can provide a theoretical basis for selecting government subsidy strategy with the rural passenger and express transportation model.