运动锻炼对帕金森病影响的研究进展

Research advances in the influence of exercise on Parkinson disease

帕金森病(Parkinson disease,PD)是多巴胺能神经元变性丢失引起的以运动迟缓、肌强直、静止性震颤和步态姿势异常为主要表现的神经系统变性疾病。临床上以药物治疗为主,但长期药物治疗可引起运动波动和多巴胺失调综合征,而运动锻炼作为PD的辅助治疗,可贯穿PD治疗的始终,不仅能改善患者的运动症状、非运动症状,还能减少PD的药物剂量及不良反应。近年来,运动锻炼已成为国内外PD治疗关注的热点,包括太极、八段锦、虚拟现实、舞蹈、瑜伽、渐进抗阻力训练、水疗以及有氧跑步机锻炼等。本文将对以上运动锻炼对PD的作用做一综述。

Parkinson disease(PD)is a neurodegenerative disease caused by the degeneration and loss of dopaminergic neurons and is characterized by bradykinesia,myotonia,resting tremor,and abnormal gait and posture.Medication has been the main therapy for PD in clinical practice;however,long-term medication can cause motor fluctuations and dopamine dysregulation syndrome.Exercise,as an adjuvant therapy for PD that runs through the whole process of PD treatment,can not only improve the motor and non-motor symptoms of PD patients,but also reduce the dose and adverse reactions of drugs for PD.In recent years,exercise has become a hot topic in PD treatment in China and globally,including tai chi,Baduanjin exercise,virtual reality,dance,yoga,progressive resistance training,hydrotherapy,and aerobic treadmill exercise.This article reviews the effect of the above exercises on PD.