耕地利用隐性形态三维测度及其地域类型研究——以黄淮海地区为例

Study on three-dimensional measurement of recessive farmland use morphology and its regional types:A case of the Huang-Huai-Hai Region

基于耕地利用隐性形态视角,聚焦探索快速工业化与城镇化进程中区域农业发展态势。从投入形态、产出形态和规模潜力形态入手,创新耕地利用隐性形态的理论解析视角和解析框架,提出理论假设,并尝试量化隐性形态。以黄淮海地区为研究区,开展耕地利用隐性形态的定量测度、时空解析和地域类型划分,并证实了理论假设。结论如下:①2000—2020年研究区耕地利用隐性形态的综合水平不断优化,呈现“南高北低”格局,且南北分化不断拉大。投入形态值的“南高北低”是分异的主因。北部地区投入形态恶化以及南部地区产出形态和规模潜力形态的加速优化,导致了南北分化拉大。②研究区各单元的投入形态和规模潜力形态缓慢分化,产出形态快速分化,最终三维隐性形态均显著分化。③理论假设基本被证实:研究区整体的投入形态先优化后遭遇不利因素,后期不利因素在于大量农业劳动力的非农转移、农业机械化缓慢和化肥的控制施用;产出形态大幅稳步优化,规模潜力形态加速优化。④研究区的耕地利用隐性形态存在8种地域类型,至2020年已形成较明显的空间分异:投入显著型、产出显著型和投产显著型多聚集于南部的苏皖豫境内,归因于南部耕地“投入-产出”的结构和数量更丰富;规模显著型多聚集于北部的渤海沿岸平原地市,归因于当地地势平坦、耕地丰富,较高的城镇化率缓解了农民对耕地的矛盾和依赖;综合弱势型局限于边缘地带,一般发展型则填充剩余的大量地区。⑤未来研究区应加快农业机械化、现代化建设,及时应对劳动力投入空缺;警惕对化肥的依赖与生态风险;关注耕地“非粮化”对社会保障功能的削弱;深入推进新型城镇化,进一步解除小农式耕地依赖,缓解人地矛盾,促进耕地适度规模经营;引导三维隐性形态的空间耦合协调与耕地利用效益及潜能的高水平释放。

This paper focuses on exploring the spatio-temporal evolution characteristics of recessive farmland use morphology in the process of rapid industrialization and urbanization.Aiming at the recessive farmland use morphology,we innovate the theoretical perspective and analytical framework from"input morphology,output morphology and scale potential morphology",propose theoretical hypothesis and conjecture,and try to quantify the recessive morphology.We take typical large-plain agricultural area(Huang-Huai-Hai Region)as the study area,and then carry out quantitative measurement,spatio-temporal analysis and regional types classification of recessive farmland use morphology,and confirm the theoretical hypothesis.The conclusions are as follows:(1)From 2000 to 2020,the comprehensive level of recessive farmland use morphology in the study area was continuously optimized,showing a spatial differentiation pattern of"higher in the south and lower in the north",and the North-South differentiation was constantly widening.(2)The input morphology and scale potential morphology of each unit in the study area differentiated slowly,the output morphology differentiated rapidly,and finally the three-dimensional recessive morphology showed a significant differentiation trend.(3)Theoretical hypothesis was generally confirmed:the overall input morphology in the study area was optimized first and then encountered negetive factors,which was attributed to the off-farm transfer of a large quantity of agricultural labor,slow agricultural mechanization and controlled application of chemical fertilizer.The output morphology was steadily and significantly optimized,and the scale potential morphology was accelerated for optimization.(4)There were 8 types of recessive farmland use morphology in the study area,which have formed obvious spatial differentiation by 2020.The input-significant type,output-significant type and input-output-significant type were mainly concentrated in the southern part of the study area(Jiangsu,Anhui and Henan).The scale-significant type mainly clustered in coastal plain of the Bohai Sea in the north.The comprehensive weak type was confined to marginal zones,while the general development type filled the remaining large number of areas.(5)The study area should strengthen agricultural mechanization,and modernization in the future,and cope with the input vacancy of agricultural labor timely;be vigilant against the dependence and ecological risk of chemical fertilizer;focus on the weakening of social security function by"non-grain"of farmland;promote new urbanization and create opportunities for moderate-scale operation of farmland;guide the spatial coupling of three-dimensional recessive morphology,so as to release the benefits and potential of farmland at a high level.