参体同构:关于《红楼梦》中赋与赋写《红楼梦》问题

Fu in A Dream of Red Mansions and Fu-styled Works Themed with Content of A Dream of Red Mansions

赋与小说在形态与体格上是貌似大相径庭、实则一脉相承的两种文类,二者在《红楼梦》的时代形成“参体同构”。《红楼梦》不仅援赋作入小说,秉持“远师《楚辞》而近学六朝”的赋学观念,存“隐曲之笔”;更是援引赋法入小说,以“七体”结构小说第五回,以“曲终奏雅”结构小说全篇。反过来,诸篇《红楼梦赋》又在中国古代小说史上首次以“赋”体完整组织、重写小说,以“赋法”构筑一个新的大观园世界。“赋—说”同构的文体形态分别在小说文本叙事与赋文本敷陈中得以实现。《红楼梦》与《红楼梦赋》二者的成功“互参”,是辞赋与小说试图以“赋法”同构的一个典型范例,在文体史、文学史上具有重要意义。

Fu and novel are two kinds of literary genres that seem to be very different in form and style,but actually come down in one continuous line.They form similar style and same structure in the era of A Dream of Red Mansions.There are both Fu works and Fu method in A Dream of Red Mansions.In turn,in the Fu-styled works themed with content of A Dream of Red Mansions,the novel was organized and rewritten for the first time in the history of ancient Chinese novels.The stylistic form with the same structure is realized in the narrative of novel and the Fu.The similar style and same structure of A Dream of Red Mansions and these Fu-styled works themed with content of the novel is a typical example of the isomorphism between Fu and novels,which is of great significance in the history of literary style and literature.