论公共数据授权运营的立法路径

On the Legislative Path of Authorized Operation of Public Data

当前,为了释放公共数据价值、培育数据要素市场,公共数据授权运营成为重要的破局之策。然而,公共数据授权运营立法远落后于实践需求,是否立法以及如何立法仍成为悬而未决的难题。在立法条件方面,理论依据的充分、经济条件的具备为授权运营立法提供了可行性,而数据增值、企业利用、政府治理、国家愿景等需求,均证实了立法的必要性。在立法模式方面,权衡中央立法模式和地方立法模式的利弊,应推行“地方先行先试”的立法模式。在具体制度实现方面,地方立法应秉持效率与安全并重的立法理念,采用实用性立法结构,授权主体内容应设计为统一授权模式,运营主体内容应将基本业务能力和安全保障能力设置为准入条件,以法定情形和约定情形设置退出条件,授权运营的公共数据内容应遵循以混合分类法分类、以敏感程度分级的标准,安全监督与管理内容应以安全和效益为监督考核标准。

At present,to release the value of public data and cultivate the data elements market,the authorized operation of public data has become an important solution.However,the legislation on authorized operation of public data lags far behind the practical needs,and whether and how to legislate are still unresolved problems.In terms of the legislative conditions,sufficient theoretical basis and available economic conditions provide the feasibility for the legislation on authorized operation,while the value-added data,enterprise utilization,government governance,national vision and other needs have all confirmed the necessity of legislation.As for the legislative model,after weighing the pros and cons of the centralized and local legislative models,the"local pilot"legislative model should be implemented.In terms of specific institutions,the local legislation should uphold the legislative concept of equal emphasis on efficiency and security and adopt practical legislative structure and unified authorization model,set the basic business and security capabilities as the entry conditions;the exit conditions should be set in accordance with legal and agreed circumstances,and the content of the public data authorized to be operated should be classified by the hybrid classification method and graded by the sensitivity degree,and the content of safety supervision and regulation should be supervised and evaluated on the basis of security and efficiency.