知识产权保护对企业创新的影响研究——基于企业异质性视角

Research on the Impact of Intellectual Property Rights Protection on Enterprise Innovation:Based on the Per-spective of Enterprise Heterogeneity

知识产权保护作为完善创新资源及利益分配机制的关键制度手段,对全面激发中国企业创新活力并推动经济高质量发展具有重要意义。本文基于2000-2013年中国工业企业数据库和企业专利申请数据库的匹配面板数据,在企业创新能力和互补性资产异质性框架下,以产权性质、出口贸易和企业规模为视角,实证检验加强知识产权保护对不同类型企业创新的影响。研究结果表明,知识产权保护对企业总体创新水平具有激励效应,但是针对不同创新能力或互补性能力主体的影响效果存在显著差异。与非国有控股企业和非出口企业相比,加强知识产权保护对国有控股企业和出口企业的创新激励效应均更强。此外,知识产权保护对不同规模企业的创新水平也具有异质性影响。具体而言,大型企业的创新活动受到知识产权保护的边际促进效应较强,中小型企业相对较弱,小微型企业创新的激励效应并不显著甚至具有抑制作用。本研究丰富并强化了知识产权保护的创新效应的异质性研究理论,对政府进一步深化知识产权领域体制机制改革,全面激发企业创新活力,有效落实知识产权保护,推动经济高质量发展具有重要的政策启示。

As a key institutional means to improve the innovation resource and benefit distribution mechanism,intellectual property rights protection is of great significance to fully stimulating the innovation vitality of Chinese enterprises and promoting high-quality economic development.Based on the panel data set from the Chinese Industrial Enterprise Database and the Enterprise Patent Application Database from 2000 to 2013,this paper empirically examines the heterogeneity effects of strengthening intellectual property rights protection on the innovation activities of different types of enterprises.Specifically,this study incorporates heterogeneity factors such as property rights,export trade,and business size within the framework of enterprise innovation capabilities and complementary assets heterogeneity.The research findings indicate that intellectual property rights protection has a positive impact on the overall innovation level of enterprises,although the extent of this impact varies across different types of enterprises.State-owned holding enterprises and export-driven enterprises demonstrate stronger innovation incentives in response to enhanced intellectual property rights protection compared to non-state-holding enterprises and non-export driven enterprises.Moreover,the effect of intellectual property rights protection on innovation levels also varies among enterprises of different sizes.Large enterprises experience the most pronounced marginal promotion effect,followed by small and medium-sized enterprises.In contrast,the positive effect on innovation in small and micro enterprises is not significant and may even tend to be negative.The research conclusions still hold when conducting multi-dimensional robustness tests,such as the instrumental variable method,difference-in-differences method,core indicator substitution method,subgroup analysis,and changing regression models and sample intervals.This article contributes and reinforces the existing research framework on the heterogeneous effects of IPRs protection on innovation.Furthermore,it holds important policy implications for deepening reforms in intellectual property rights protection,effectively stimulating enterprise innovation vitality,and achieving the policy objectives of intellectual property rights protection and high-quality economic development.