不同年龄段早孕期妇女焦虑、抑郁及睡眠质量调查分析

Investigation and analysis of anxiety,depression and sleep quality of pregnant women in early pregnancy of different age stages

目的探究不同年龄阶段早孕期妇女焦虑、抑郁及睡眠质量状况。方法2020年2月至2021年12月在重庆市妇幼保健院产科门诊纳入27423名早孕期(孕8~12周)妇女进行广泛性焦虑障碍筛查量表(GAD-7)、抑郁筛查量表(PHQ-9)和匹兹堡睡眠质量量表(PSQI)测评,将研究对象按20~25岁,26~30岁,31~35岁和36~40岁年龄范围分为四组,比较不同年龄组各级别焦虑、抑郁及睡眠质量和中重度焦虑抑郁状况下睡眠质量的差异。结果各年龄段早孕期妇女,不同程度焦虑、抑郁占比不同,差异具有统计学意义(χ^(2)分别为46.851、54.779,P<0.001),且随着年龄增加,孕早期出现焦虑、抑郁情绪比例减少。各年龄段妇女早孕期睡眠质量无显著差异(χ^(2)=6.588,P=0.089)。抑郁达到中度以上者,随着抑郁程度增加,孕早期睡眠质量差的孕妇比例明显升高(χ^(2)=35.449,P<0.001)。结论在孕早期,随着年龄的增加,妇女出现焦虑、抑郁情绪的风险逐渐降低,各年龄组孕妇发生睡眠困扰的风险无显著差异,但孕妇抑郁情绪影响睡眠质量。

Objective To investigate current situation of anxiety,depression and sleep quality in pregnant women of different age stages in their early pregnancy.Methods 27423 pregnant woman in early pregnancy(at 8-12 weeks of gestation)who received prenatal examination in obstetrical clinic of Chongqing Municipal Maternal and Child Health Hospital from February 2020 to December 2021 were selected as study subjects.The pregnant women were assessed with such scales as generalized anxiety disorder-7(GAD-7),patient health questionnaire-9(PHQ-9)and Pittsburgh sleep quality index(PSQI).And the pregnant women in the first trimester of pregnancy were divided into four groups:20-25 years old group,26-30 years old group,31-35 years old group and 36-40 years old group according to their age at gestation.The incidences of different degrees of anxiety and depression,sleep quality,and difference in sleep quality between moderate and severe anxiety and between moderate and severe depression were compared among the four age groups.Results There were statistically significant differences in proportions of anxiety and depression among the four age groups(χ^(2)=46.851 and 54.779 respectively,both P<0.001).And along with increase in age of the pregnant woman,the proportions of mood disorders(anxiety and depression)in early pregnancy gradually decreased.There was no significant difference in score in sleep quality among the four age groups(χ^(2)=6.588,P=0.089).In the pregnant women with moderate and above depression,with the increase in degree of depression,the proportion of the pregnant women with poor sleep quality in early pregnancy elevated significantly(χ^(2)=35.449,P<0.001).Conclusion With increase in age,the risks of the pregnant women for anxiety and depression in early pregnancy decrease gradually.While the risk for sleep disorder in early pregnancy don't differ significantly among the different age groups.But depression mood exerts negative effect on their sleep quality.