婴儿体脂指数的影响因素分析

Analysis of influencing factor of infant's fat mass index

目的探究不同性别婴儿体脂指数(FMI)的影响因素。方法于2021年10月至2022年12月,在山东省开展婴儿体成分的横断面研究,对研究对象进行电子问卷调查和体成分测量获取研究数据,最终纳入9291份有效数据,应用多因素线性回归分析不同性别婴儿FMI的影响因素。结果不同性别婴儿月龄与FMI具有显著正相关。与适于胎龄儿相比,大于胎龄儿的FMI增加(β值分别为0.086、0.078,P<0.001),小于胎龄儿的FMI降低(β值分别为-0.088、-0.072,P<0.001)。与6月龄以后添加辅食相比,4~6月龄添加辅食男女婴儿FMI均增加,差异均具有统计学意义(β值分别为0.099、0.053,P<0.001)。与父母亲体重正常相比、父母亲肥胖与婴儿FMI的增加显著相关(β值分别为0.058、0.070和0.054、0.058,P<0.001),母亲体重过低与婴儿FMI降低显著相关(β值分别为-0.039、-0.046,P=0.005、0.002)。妊娠期糖尿病与婴儿FMI降低显著相关(β值分别为-0.039、-0.046,P=0.005、0.002),妊娠期高血压与男婴FMI升高显著相关(β=0.028,P=0.038)。纯配方奶喂养对女婴FMI存在显著正向影响(β=0.029,P=0.046)。孕期增重不足对女婴FMI存在显著负向影响(β=-0.033,P=0.032)。结论影响婴儿身体成分的因素有胎龄别体重、喂养方式、辅食添加时间、母亲孕期增重及孕期疾病等,应在生命早期采取干预措施进行控制,预防子代代谢性疾病的发生。

Objective To explore influencing factors of fat mass index(FMI)of infants of different genders.Methods An infant's body composition cross-sectional study was carried out from October 2021 to December 2022 in Shandong province and healthy infants aged 1-12 months with single birth and no genetic metabolic disease were recruited as study subjects.The data of the infants were obtained through electronic questionnaire investigation and measurement of body composition.Finally,9291 valid data were included.Multiple linear regression analysis was used to analyze influencing factors of FMI of the infants of different genders.Results The gestational age of the infants of different genders was significantly positively correlated with FMI:as compared with appropriate for gestational age infants(AGA),the FMI of large for gestational age(LGA)infants increased(β=0.086 and 0.078 respectively,both P<0.001)and the FMI of the small for gestational age(SGA)infants decreased(β=-0.088 and-0.072 respectively,both P<0.001).As compared with those male and female infants whose complementary foods were added after 6 months of age,the FMIs of these male and female infants whose complementary foods were added at 4-6 months increased,and the differences were significant(β=0.099 and 0.053 respectively,both P<0.001).Compared with these infants whose parents'BMIs were normal,mother and father's obesity was significantly positively correlated with increased FMI of their male and female infants(β=0.058 and 0.070 respectively;β=0.054 and 0.058 respectively,both P<0.001).And mother's low BMI was correlated significantly with decreased FMI of their male and female infants(β=-0.039 and-0.046 respectively,P=0.005 and 0.002 respectively).Also,gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)was significantly correlated with decreased FMI of the male and female infants(β=-0.039 and-0.046 respectively,P=0.005 and 0.002 respectively).Gestational hypertension was significantly correlated with increased FMI of the male infants(β=0.028,P=0.038),and length of pure formula milk powder feeding was positively correlated with FMI of the female infants(β=0.029,P=0.046),while insufficient weight gain during pregnancy of the mother was significantly negatively correlated with FMI of the female infants(β=-0.033,P=0.032).Conclusion The influencing factors of infant'body composition mainly include weight-for-gestational age,infant's feeding pattern,adding time point of complementary foods,maternal weight gain during pregnancy and pregnancy diseases,etc.Effective intervention measures should be taken in early life of the infants to prevent,control and reduce occurrence of metabolic diseases.