从《法中字汇》管窥19世纪中西语言之接触与会通

A Survey of 19th-Century Chinese-Western Language Contact and Communication from Vocabulaire Chinois

本文以法国国家图书馆东方手稿部馆藏的一部19世纪的稿本文献《法中字汇》(Vocabulaire Chinois)为个案研究对象进行评述分析。这部词汇手册从当时西方汉语学习者视角出发,辑录了一批具有中国文化特色的负载词、闽粤地区特色的方言词,以及中西文化交流过程中进入汉语系统的外来词。汇编的词汇还提供了官话和方言的两种注音形式,反映了近代汉语白话词汇及语音的一些历史面貌和时代特点。该手稿为进一步了解明清以来东西方语言跨文化和跨语际的互动与联系提供了第一手语料和珍贵素材。

This paper takes Vocabulaire Chinois as a case,a 19th-century manuscript in the Oriental Manuscripts Department of the Bibliothèque Nationale de France,to review and analyze the contact and communication between Chinese and Western languages.From the perspective of Westerners’learning Chinese at the time,the vocabulary handbook contained a number of words with characteristic of Chinese culture,dialect words with characteristic of the Fujian and Guangdong regions,as well as foreign words that entered the Chinese language system during the cultural exchanges between China and the West.The compiled vocabulary also provides two forms of phonetic notation for both Mandarin and dialectal languages,reflecting some of the historical and time features of modern Chinese vernacular vocabulary and phonology.The manuscript provides a first-hand information and precious materials for further understanding the cross-cultural and cross-linguistic interactions and connections between the Eastern and Western languages after the Ming and Qing Dynasty.