基于格式塔心理学的江南传统园林建筑不完全形探析

Analysis of the Incomplete Shape of Jiangnan Traditional Garden Architecture Based on Gestalt Psychology

我国传统园林建筑存在“不完全形”现象,即以“完形”建筑为基础进行加工而形成的“不完整的”建筑形态。基于格式塔心理学中“心物场”基本原理(方法),探讨了传统园林建筑“不完全形”的生成机制(目的)。结果表明:传统园林建筑中的“格式塔”具备两种属性——整体性和变调性。通过分析社会环境因素、客观场地条件以及主观思想因素3个方面,对传统园林建筑“不完全形”生成原因进行了解读。以江南传统园林建筑为例,将传统园林建筑“不完全形”的运用场景总结为:物理场中的空间塑造、心理场中的意象创造、心物场中整体形态生成。结果认为,江南传统园林建筑不完全形营造应遵循:形立于意、因地制宜、巧而得体,以期为当代园林建筑营造提供参考。

In traditional Chinese garden architecture,there exists a phenomenon referred to as "incomplete form",which represents architectural shapes that are derived from "complete" structures but transformed into "incomplete" forms.Drawing upon the fundamental principles of the "mind-object field" in Gestalt psychology,this study explores the mechanisms behind the generation of this "incomplete form" in traditional garden architecture.The results indicate that in traditional garden architecture,the "Gestalt" possesses two key attributes:wholeness and modulation.By analyzing factors such as social environmental elements,objective site conditions,and subjective thought factors,the reasons for the emergence of "incomplete form" in traditional garden architecture can be interpreted.Taking traditional garden architecture in the Jiangnan region as an example,the application scenarios for "incomplete form" can be summarized as follows:spatial shaping in the physical field,imagery creation in the psychological field,and the generation of overall forms within the mind-object field.In conclusion,the creation of "incomplete form" in traditional Jiangnan garden architecture should adhere to the principles of shaping through intention,adapting to local conditions,and achieving appropriateness through skills.This research aims to provide insights for contemporary garden architecture design and construction.