互花米草入侵对滨海湿地生物多样性的影响

Effects of Spartina Alterniflora Invasion on Biodiversity in Coastal Wetlands

滨海湿地是多水环境共同发育下形成的生态过渡区,对于全球和区域环境变化比较敏感。互花米草引入我国后逐渐形成入侵种群,受海平面上升、海水富营养化、全球变暖、人为引入与干扰等关键因素的影响,呈扩散式地增长。梳理了互花米草入侵对滨海湿地生物多样性的影响,得出互花米草的入侵改变了原有生境土壤条件,特别是土壤含水量、土壤C、N含量等理化特性,导致植被群落结构、土壤动物和微生物的组成发生变化,不利于维持原有系统生物多样性平衡,影响了湿地生态系统的物质循环和能量流动过程,从而威胁生态功能的稳定性。指出了应进一步加强对已有互花米草的生态治理,限制互花米草群落的扩张,提高生态修复工程适宜性,维持滨海湿地生物多样性平衡。

Coastal wetlands are ecological transitional areas formed by the joint development of multiple water environments,so they are sensitive to global and regional environmental changes.Spartina alterniflora has gradually formed an invasive population after its introduction into China.Affected by key factors such as sea level rise,eutrophication of seawater,global warming,and human intervention,Spartina alterniflora showed a spread growth.This paper reviewed the impact of Spartina alterniflora invasion on coastal wetland biodiversity,and found that the invasion of Spartina alterniflora changed the soil conditions of the original habitat,especially the soil water content,soil C,N content and other physical and chemical properties,resulting in changes in vegetation community structure,soil animal and microbial composition.As a result,the invasion is not conducive to maintaining the balance of biodiversity in the original system,affecting the material cycle and energy flow process of wetland ecosystems,thereby threatening the stability of ecological functions.It points out that it is essential to further strengthen ecological management of existing Spartina alterniflora,limit the expansion of Spartina alterniflora community,improve the suitability of ecological restoration projects,and maintain the balance of coastal wetland biodiversity.