马克思恩格斯政治哲学的形成、内涵与特征

The Formation,Connotation and Features of Marx and Engels’Political Philosophy

马克思和恩格斯(以下简称“马恩”)的政治哲学不是马克思一个人的政治哲学,而是马恩两人共同创立和完善的政治哲学体系。马恩政治哲学批判地继承了西方空想社会主义思想,但主要是在对西方资本主义社会现实及其理论依据自由主义思想进行反思和批判的基础上建立起来的。马恩政治哲学是以唯物史观为主要本体论根基,以全人类彻底解放为现实目标,以从必然王国进入自由王国为社会理想,以每一个人的全面而自由的发展为社会发展的终极目的,以无产阶级革命和无产阶级为实现现实目的的主要手段和主要力量,以劳动成为生活的第一需要而各尽所能地为社会作贡献为实现理想社会的基本途径的政治哲学体系。它具有理想性与实践性、人类性与阶级性、革命性与建设性、系统性与深刻性有机统一的主要特征。

The political philosophy of Marx and Engels is not Marx’s political philosophy by himself,but the political philosophy system co-founded and improved by Marx and Engels.Marx and En-gels’political philosophy,which critically inherits Western Utopian socialist thought,is,howev-er,mainly established based on the reflection and criticism of the social reality of Western capital-ism and its theoretical foundation of liberalism.Marx and Engels’political philosophy regards his-torical materialism as its main ontological foundation,the complete emancipation of all mankind as its realistic goal,the transition from the kingdom of necessity to the kingdom of freedom as its so-cial ideal,the full and free development of every individual as the ultimate purpose of social devel-opment and the proletarian revolution and the proletariat as the main means and main force to a-chieve the realistic goal.It is a system of political philosophy to be the fundamental approach to realization of the ideal society,in which labor becomes the first need of life and every individual does his/her upmost to contribute to the society.It has main features of the organic unity between ideality and practicability,humanity and class nature,revolutionariness and constructiveness as well as systematicness and profundity.