“实践转向”范式下康德哲学何为

Rethinking Kant s Transcendental Philosophy in the Paradigm of “Pragmatic Turn”

在近代自然科学革命和理性主义哲学的基础上,康德提出了解决传统形而上学困难的先验哲学,并声称以此实现了哲学上的“哥白尼式革命”。当代哲学中的“实践转向”范式基于近代自然科学革命的“新方法”提出了对传统哲学的系统性改造,并认为这种改造才是哲学上真正的“哥白尼式革命”。真伪“哥白尼式革命”的区别总体表现为两个方面:一是对认知之“思辨性格”的不同解释;二是对认知之目标理念的不同关切。这两个方面的差别与两种哲学范式对认知范围的限定有关,并最终与二者对物自身含义的界定相关。康德的先验哲学与“实践转向”范式在对认知的“思辨性格”的要求上并无根本差别,而进一步厘清物自身的含义,能够帮助我们在两种哲学范式之间寻求调和的前景。

On the basis of the scientific revolution and rationalist philosophy,Kant put forward his transcendental philosophy to address the challenges faced by traditional metaphysics,and asserted that he had realized the“Copernican revolution”in philosophy.Drawing upon the“new method”of the scientific revolution,the“pragmatic turn”paradigm advocates for a systematic transformation of the classical philosophy,and believes that this transformation is the real“Copernican revolution”in philosophy.The distinctions between the authentic and false“Copernican revolution”are articulated through two dimensions:one is the divergent interpretation of the“speculative character”of cognition,and the other pertains to diverse considerations regarding the idea of cognition.The distinctions between these two dimensions are all related to the limitation of the scope of cognition by the two paradigms,and ultimately to their definition of the“thing in itself”.There is no inherent distinction between Kant s transcendental philosophy and the“pragmatic turn”paradigm regarding the“speculative character”of cognition,and further elucidating the“thing in itself”can aid in exploring the potential for reconciliation between these two philosophical paradigms.