考虑视觉障碍行人的疏散模型

Evacuation model considering visually impaired pedestrians

为研究视觉障碍行人对人群疏散的影响,首先根据ISOBE等人的可控试验结果,描述视觉障碍行人疏散行为,并考虑正常行人对视觉障碍行人的帮助行为,采用移动概率和修正Moore邻域规定的小团体运动规则,建立考虑视觉障碍行人的场域元胞自动机疏散模型;然后通过模拟视觉障碍行人活动场所人群疏散的运动状态和演化过程,探究帮助行为、视觉障碍行人占比、出口位置对整体疏散结果的影响。结果表明:正常行人对视觉障碍行人的帮助行为能有效减少疏散时间,帮助行为对于混合人群疏散效率的提升作用随着人群密度的增加愈发显著;混合人群中视觉障碍行人占比增大会导致疏散效率降低,且这种不利影响随着人群密度的增加会加剧;相比于出口在墙角或出口距墙角有一定距离,出口位置在墙壁中心对于混合人群疏散更有利。

In order to study the influence of visually impaired pedestrians on crowd evacuation,a floor field cellular automata evacuation model was established to simulate the movement state and evolution process of crowd evacuation in the place where visually impaired pedestrians appeared.In the model,the evacuation behavior of visually impaired pedestrians was described by combining with the controlled experiment phenomenon of ISOBE et al.,and the helping behavior of normal pedestrians to visually impaired pedestrians was considered.Besides,the movement of the small group was determined by the movement probability and modified Moore neighborhood.Then the influence of normal pedestrians'helping behavior,the proportion of visually impaired pedestrians and the exit location on the evacuation were studied using the model.The results showed that the helping behavior of normal pedestrians to visually impaired pedestrians could effectively reduce the evacuation time,and the beneficial effect of helping behaviors on the evacuation efficiency became more significant as the crowd density increased.The evacuation efficiency would reduce when the proportion of visually impaired pedestrians in mixed crowds increased,and this adverse influence would increase as the crowd density increased.Compared with the exit at the corner and the exit near the side wall,the location of the exit in the middle of the wall is more beneficial to the evacuation of mixed crowds.