赤泥回收铁铝资源技术研究现状及展望

Research status and prospect of iron and aluminum recovery technology from red mud

赤泥作为氧化铝生产排放的强碱性固体废弃物,因其碱含量高并含有丰富的铁、铝、稀散和稀贵金属等战略金属资源而广受关注。提高赤泥中铁、铝等大宗金属资源的综合利用率,不仅能够解决赤泥大量堆存导致的生态环境污染和大量土地占用,而且能够改善我国铝土矿资源和铁矿石资源供需紧张的现状,降低我国工业发展受国际资源巨头垄断和地缘政治形势改变双重制约的铁铝资源风险。本文介绍了拜耳法赤泥的产生、理化性质以及危害,并重点从物理选矿、火法冶金和湿法冶金三个综合利用方向详细阐述了近年来国内外对于利用赤泥分离回收铁矿物和铝矿物的技术研究进展及其存在问题,同时对赤泥综合利用技术的未来发展方向提出了展望及建议。

Red mud,as the high-alkalinity solid waste discharged during the alumina production,has attracted wide attention due to its high alkali content and rich strategic metal resources,such as iron,aluminum,rare and precious metals.Increasing the utilization and recovery rates of iron and aluminum from red mud can not only solve the ecological environment pollution and a large amount of land occupation,but also improve the current situation of large demand of bauxite and iron ore resources in China,and reduce the risk of iron and aluminum resources in China's industrial development,which may be restricted by the monopoly of international resource giants and the change of geopolitical situation.This paper first introduced the generation,physicochemical properties and hazards of Bayer red mud,and expounded in detail the technical research progress and existing problems of the separation and recovery of iron and aluminum resources from red mud at home and abroad in recent years on the three comprehensive utilization directions of physical beneficiation,pyrometallurgy and hydrometallurgy.Meanwhile,it put forward expectations and suggestions on the future development direction of comprehensive utilization technology of red mud.