祁连山裸鲤(Gymnocypris chilianensis)的研究现状与展望

Current research status and prospects of Gymnocypris chilianensis

祁连山裸鲤(Gymnocypris chilianensis)是中国特有的高原土著冷水鱼类,仅分布于河西走廊祁连山内陆河流域,是祁连山内陆河水域生态环境的重要指示生物。近年来,由于受到气候变化、过度捕捞、水利工程建设和环境污染等因素的影响,祁连山裸鲤的野生资源量急剧下降,对祁连山裸鲤开展有效的种质资源保护,实现其生态价值的可持续发展显得尤为重要。综述了祁连山裸鲤的生物学特征、分类地位、种群遗传多样性、资源状况、人工繁殖与驯养等方面的研究现状,分析了目前面临的问题并提出从基础生物学、资源量与栖息地调查、分类地位、种群分化以及高原适应性等方面对祁连山裸鲤开展更深入研究,以期为加强祁连山裸鲤种质资源的保护和合理开发利用,以及祁连山流域生态环境保护和高质量发展提供基础性资料。

Gymnocypris chilianensis,which is only distributed in the inland water area of the Qilian Mountains in Hexi Corridor,is an endemic plateau cold water fish in China.G.chilianensis is an important indicator organism for the quality of water area ecological environment in the Qilian Mountains.In recent decades,due to climate change,overfishing,construction of water conservancy projects,environmental pollution and other factors,the wild resource abundance of G.chilianensis has decreased sharply.It is particularly important to canry out effective protection of germplasm resources of G.chilianensis and realize the sustainable development of its ecological value.In this review paper,we summarized the biological characteristics,taxonomic status,population genetic diversity,resource status,artifcial propagation and culture of G.chilianensis.It analyzed the current problems and proposed to carry out more in-depth research on G.chilianensis from the aspects of basic biology research,resource quantity and habitat survey,classification status research,population differentiation and plateau adaptability.It would be useful for strengthening the protection,rational development and utilization of the germplasm resources of G.chilianensis,and further providing basic data for the ecological environment protection and high-quality development of the Qilian Mountain.