赤水河倮倘河段和母享河段水生生物群落特征

Community of aquatic organisms in Luotang and Muxiang sections of Chishui River

根据时代发展的需要,赤水河河源段等相关河段开展了一系列涉水工程项目,对该区域的生态环境造成一定影响。2020年9月和11月,2021年3月、5月和10月对赤水河河源的倮倘河段和母享河段进行了5次水生生物调查,探究水生生物群落结构组成,并利用多样性指数进行评价。结果表明,两个河段浮游植物共计7门14纲16目28科51属113种,其中硅藻门和绿藻门的种类最多,分别占总种类数的46.90%和37.17%。浮游动物共分析鉴定出34种,其中轮虫和原生动物种类最多,分别占总种类数的52.94%和32.35%。底栖动物共计2门8科10属(种),其中节肢动物门7属(种),占总种类数的70.00%;软体动物门3属(种),占总种类数的30.00%。浮游植物香农威纳指数(Shannon-wiener,H)平均值为2.93;马格里夫指数(Margalef,D)平均值为1.95;均匀度指数(Pielou,J)平均值为0.66;3种多样性指数判断调查流域处于轻中污染状态。浮游动物香农威纳指数平均值为2.61;马格里夫指数平均值为1.83;均匀度指数平均值为0.64;3种多样性指数判断调查流域处于轻中污染状态。通过对水生生物调查,探究赤水河河源段水生生物群落结构时空变化情况,从浮游动植物、底栖生物等角度利用多种评价方式科学评价该河段水生态现状,为科学评估赤水河河源段近年来的水生生物量提供基础数据,为水生态评价方法的选择提供参考。

With the need of economic development,a senies of water-related projects have been carried out in the source section of Chishui River,which have a certain impact on the ecological enwionment of the region.The aquatic organisms wene imy estigated and monitored at Luotang and M uxiang sections of Chishui River,and the community structure was explored and evaluated using the div ersity index evaluation method,in September and November 2020,in March,May and October 2021.The results showed that a total of 113 phytoplankton species were identified,belonging to 7 phyla,14 classes,16 orders,28 families,51 genera,among which Bailariophyta(46.90%)and Chlorophyta(37.17%)were dominant.Besides,a total of 34 species of zooplankton wen identified,among which Rotifers(52.94%)and Protozoa(32.35%)were dominant.10 species of zoobenthos belonging to 2 phyla 8 families were collected,among which 7 species of Arthropoda accounted for 70.00%of the total species,and 3 species of Mollusca accouned for 30.00%of the total species.The mean Shannon-wiener(H)index of phytoplankton was 2.93,the average value of Margalef(D)of phytoplankton was 1.95;and the average evenness index(Pielou,J)of plhytoplankton was 0.66;therefore,the light and moderate pllution status of the watershed was investigated by three diversity indices.On the other hand,the mean Shannon-wiener(H)index of zooplankton was 2.61.The average value of Margalef(D)of zooplankton was 1.83;the average evenness index(Pielou,J)of zooplankton was 0.64,thus the three diversity indexes judged that the surveyed watershed was in the state of light pollution.Based on the investigation of aquatic organisms,this paper explores the temporal and spatial changes of aquatic oganisms community structure in the source section of Chishui River,and scientifically evaluates the water ecology status of the reach by various evaluation methods from the perspetives of phytoplankton,fauna and benthos,etc.,providing basic data for scientific evaluation of the aquatic biomass in the source section of Chishui River in recent years,and providing reference for the selection of water ecological evaluation methods.