从磁州窑看北方青花五彩工艺的形成与特点

From Cizhou Kiln to See the Formation and Characteristics ofthe North Blue and White and Five-color Craft

清末民国时期,磁州窑为了在激烈的市场竞争中生存下来,持续不断地开展了瓷业改良活动,在改良中以南方的景德镇窑和醴陵窑为主要学习目标,迅速抛弃了白地黑花的传统,先是在清末形成了青花“一枝独秀”的局面,民国十九年之后,复又形成了五彩装饰的“满园春色”。同时,在磁州窑与北方多地窑口的相互交流中,逐渐形成了以磁州窑为代表的近代北方民间青花五彩瓷器的工艺特点。

During the period of the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China,Cizhou Kiln consistently carried out porcelain industry improvement activities in order to survive the fierce market competition,with the improvement of Jingdezhen and Liling Kiln as the primary learning objectives.First,the traditional white ground and black patterns were abandoned to form a“one branch alone”situation of blue and white in the late Qing Dynasty.After the 19th year of the Republic of China,the“full garden of spring”of colorful decoration was formed again.At the same time,in the mutual exchange between the Cizhou kiln and many northern kilns,the technological characteristics of modern northern folk blue and white multicolored porcelain represented by the Cizhou kiln gradually formed.