从对立到统一--试看意识形态与马克思主义关系之嬗变

From Opposition to Unity: The Evolution of the Relationship Between Ideology and Marxism

“意识形态”是马克思为了批判概念哲学、唯心史观而复活的概念,被赋予“虚假性”和“欺骗性”,因而与马克思实践哲学及唯物史观相对立。恩格斯指出意识形态具有“客观性”和“能动性”,对马克思的意识形态理论进行了修正。列宁用“科学的意识形态”定性马克思主义,使意识形态摆脱了概念哲学的窠臼,获得了“实践性”内涵——即当指向资产阶级意识形态时,取虚假性和欺骗性含义;当指向无产阶级意识形态时,取客观性和能动性含义。意识形态因此化身为唯物史观的有机组成部分,和马克思主义实现了统一。

"Ideology"is a concept revived by Marx in order to criticize conceptual philosophy and idealistic view of history,which is endowed with"false"and"deceptive",so it is opposed to Marx's practical philosophy and historical materialism.Engels pointed out that ideology has"objectivity"and"initiative",and revised Marx's ideological theory.Lenin used"scientific ideology"to define Marxism,which made ideology get rid of the pattern of conceptual philosophy and obtain"practicality"---that is,when pointing to bourgeois ideology,it takes false and deceptive meanings;when it refers to the proletarian ideology,it takes the meaning of objectivity and initiative.Therefore,ideology incarnated as an organic part of historical materialism and realized unity with Marxism.