内蒙古晋语反预期选择结构“先不先X”分析

An Analysis of the Selection Structure of Antianticipation in Inner Mongolia Jin Dialect:"Xian Bu Xian(先不先)"

内蒙古晋语中的“先不先X”结构是一种预期选择用法。“先不先”通常在句中做状语,对事件X进行主观性、首先性选择。语义具有反预期性和否定性,表示超出常规预期加以否定、超出说话人预期加以否定。从来源看,“先不先”的反预期用法最早出现于明代,内蒙古晋语中的“先不先”来源极性反义词“先”和“不先”的并列使用。从语法化过程来看,“先不先”由表动作行为的时间选择关系投射到对命题和事件的主观态度表达,经历了由实到虚的语法化过程。该文试图结合“先不先X”在内蒙古晋语中的使用情况,分析其句法、语义和语用特征,并剖析其用法的来源。

The Jin dialect in Inner Mongolia,"xian bu xian(先不先)"is an expected choice of usage.It is used as adverbial in the sentence,and the event X is selected subjectively and first.Its meaning is antianticipatory and negative.It means to negate beyond the conventional expectation and beyond the speaker's expectation.From the source,the anti-anticipatory usage of"xian bu xian"first appeared in the Ming Dynasty,and the"xian bu xian"in the Jin dialect of Inner Mongolia comes from the juxtaposition of the polar antonyms"xian(先)"and"bu xian(不先)".In the process of grammatical speech,the"xian bu xian"is projected from the time choice relation of table action to the subjective attitude expression of proposition and event,and it goes through the grammaticization process from real to virtual.This article attempts to analyze the syntactic,semantic,and pragmatic characteristics of"xian bu xian"in the Jin language of Inner Mongolia,and to explore the sources of its usage.