张珪在元朝中期的政治斗争

Zhang Gui's Political Struggle in the Mid-Yuan Dynasty

张珪作为元朝中期的汉法派官员,在成宗朝时作为地方特使整顿吏治,在仁宗朝、英宗朝、泰定帝时期都被委以重任,担任朝中要职。他曲折的仕宦经历,反映了元朝中期的官僚系统存在诸多问题。张珪在实施汉法的过程中反复受挫,是元朝中期推行“汉法”和“反汉法”斗争的一个缩影。该文拟通过《元史》《新元史》《张珪墓志铭》等基本史料,对张珪与元政府之间的关系演变进行深入探究,分析“汉法”在实施过程遇到的阻力,有助于归纳元朝中期御史台等监察机构无法完全发挥其职能作用的原因,有利于更好地理解元朝中期政治发展路线及制度改革的曲折性和复杂性。

As an official of the Han law faction in the middle of the Yuan Dynasty,Zhang Gui served as a local envoy to rectify official governance during the Emperor Ch'eng-tsung Dynasty.He was entrusted with important responsibilities and held important positions in the court during the Renzong Dynasty,Yingzong Dynasty,and Taiding Emperor periods.His tortuous career experience reflects many problems in the bureaucratic system of the mid-Yuan Dynasty.Zhang Gui repeated setbacks in the implementation of the Han Law were a microcosm of the struggle between the implementation of the"Han Law"and the"anti Han Law"in the mid-Yuan Dynasty.This article intends to conduct an in-depth exploration of the evolution of the relationship between Zhang Gui and the Yuan government through basic historical materials such as History of the Yuan Dynasty,New History of the Yuan Dynasty,and Epitaph of Zhang Gui Tomb.It analyzes the obstacles encountered in the implementation of the"Han Law"and helps us summarize the reasons why supervisory agencies such as the Imperial Censor's Office were unable to fully play their role in the mid-Yuan Dynasty.It is beneficial for us to better understand the twists and complexities of the political development route and institutional reform in the mid-Yuan Dynasty.