基于“四个面向”的高校“有组织科研”范式构建--一个单案例研究

Organized Scientific Research Paradigm in Colleges and Universities Based on the Four Orientations:A Single Case Study

当今世界正经历百年未有之大变局,世界各国科技竞争加剧,科技创新成为各国博弈的主战场。我国在基础研究、关键核心技术等领域正在遭受西方发达国家的围堵。高校作为基础研究主力军和重大科技突破策源地,传统科研范式在响应国家重大需求方面存在原始创新能力薄弱、科技成果转化率低、协同创新能力不足等问题。持续增大的外部压力、创新高风险与高投入使得“有组织科研”成为当前我国高校提升创新效能的重要选择,也是高校深度融入国家创新体系的重要举措。阐述“四个面向”和“有组织科研”的内涵,梳理“四个面向”与“有组织科研”、“有组织科研”与自由探索的关系,从高校传统科研范式亟待解决的问题入手,构建基于“四个面向”的高校“有组织科研”范式,对重庆大学“有组织科研”实施路径与成效进行解析,验证理论的科学性与适用性。

As the intersectionality and complexity of disciplines in scientific research have become increasingly prominent,the driving factor of scientific research has changed from interest to demand,the focus of scientific research has changed from theory to application,and the mode of scientific research has changed from discrete to organized.The traditional scientific research paradigm of colleges and universities has been insufficient in responding to major national needs.Therefore,organized scientific research has become an important form for colleges and universities to formally and systematically serve the national strategic needs,and it is an objective requirement to improve the efficiency of national scientific and technological innovation in the era of big science to cope with the new situation of national competition.Thus,in order to make up for the shortcomings of the traditional scientific research paradigm in universities,this study constructs an organized scientific research paradigm for colleges and universities based on the four orientations,and discusses the implementation path and effectiveness of organized scientific research at Chongqing University.At present,the research on organized scientific research mainly focuses on the theoretical meaning,relationship combing,governance policy,etc.,and little has been done on the construction of organized scientific research paradigm.This study adopts the literature research method to clarify the connotation of"four orientations"and organized scientific research,and sorts out the four characteristics of organized scientific research:integration,orientation,intersectionality,and hierarchy.From the perspectives of"four orientations"and organized scientific research,and the relationship between organized scientific research and free exploration,the study analyzes the relationship between"four orientations"and organized scientific research,and the relationship among"four orientations",organized scientific research and free exploration.Then it summarizes the problems in the traditional scientific research paradigm of universities,including the weak capacity of original innovation,the low rate of transformation of scientific and technological achievements,and the weak capacity of collaborative innovation,and explores the causes of the problems:insufficient tolerance for mistakes in the academic environment,inadequate connection between internal and external linkage mechanisms and demand,and the ineffective mechanism of cooperation between industry,academia and research.The corresponding four major principles are proposed for the construction of an organized scientific research paradigm in universities:strategic leadership,organizational innovation,in-depth integration,and chain-wide coherence,and an organized scientific research paradigm based on the"four orientations"is constructed to realize the reformation of"strategy-process-organization-system".In addition,this study adopts the case study method to explore the implementation path and effectiveness of Chongqing University's organized scientific research.Chongqing University has been active in promoting organized scientific research based on the"four orientations",and has constructed a"1+5"scientific research management system,i.e.,a management system consisting of one management organization and five scientific research entities,forming a whole chain from basic research to industrial cultivation.The implementation of organized scientific research in Chongqing University has verified the scientificity and applicability of the theory,and provides reference for universities to build a characteristic organized scientific research paradigm.In the implementation of organized scientific research in universities,it is essential to optimize the top-level design and promote the iterative upgrading of the implementation path and the scientific research organizational paradigms.First,the implementation of organized scientific research should follow the"four orientations",optimize the top-level design,classify and apply measures to realize the complete system reformation of"strategy-process-organization-system"and systematically promote organized scientific research in universities.Second,free exploration with organized scientific research should be encouraged so that universities can take their own disciplinary advantages and characteristics as the entry point,and build scientific research systems from basic research to applied research.Third,in the construction of the scientific research paradigm,a new organizational model of horizontal and vertical integration should be constructed to realize the integration of the whole chain from cultivation,incubation to industrialization and build a complete scientific research system from basic research to the commercialization of scientific research results.