涉数据犯罪的刑法规制完善探析

Analysis on Perfection of Criminal Law Regulation of Data-related Crimes

数字经济时代,数据成为核心生产要素,数据以其独有的形式重塑着市场交易模式。作为新的经济发展引擎,数据安全也日益获得社会关注,而我国刑法对数据犯罪的规制过多依附于计算机信息系统犯罪、信息犯罪,司法解释也无法弥补立法漏洞。由于数据法益的独立性,加之数据犯罪的严重侵害性、保护一般数据安全的必要性,同时涉及保障前置法有效实行的需要,对数据犯罪独立规制成为理论界和司法实务界不可回避的话题。为有效规制数据犯罪,保障数据安全,首先,必须建立数据法益独立保护的刑法模式,对数据犯罪的行为方式完整规制;其次,应确立客观的入罪标准,建立数据分级分类保护制度,同时以罪量要素限制刑罚权的滥用;最后,应通过建立企业数据刑事合规制度有效化解企业的刑事风险,促进企业健康可持续发展。

In the era of digital economy,data has become the core factor of production,and data reshapes the market transaction mode in its unique form.However,the regulation of data crime in China's criminal law is too dependent on computer information system crime and information crime,and judicial interpretation cannot make up for legislative loopholes.In order to effectively regulate data crimes and ensure data security,it is necessary to establish a criminal law model that independently protects data legal interests,and fully regulate the behavior of data crimes;Objective criteria for criminalization should be established,a system of data classification and protection should be established,and the abuse of penalty power should be limited by the element of crime quantity;We should effectively resolve the criminal risks of enterprises by establishing a criminal compliance system for enterprise data,and promote the healthy and sustainable development of enterprises.