吃喝动词语义地图模型研究

Semantic Map Model of Eating and Drinking Verbs

语言中的吃喝类动词往往具有多义性。通过考察12种方言和语言中吃喝类动词的搭配对象,归纳出吃喝类动词的16项功能项,并绘制出相应的语义图。不同语言中“吃”类动词功能项几乎都多于甚至远远多于“喝”类动词功能项,这与动词义域、语言类型和使用频率有关。在语义图基础上归纳出不同语言间吃喝类动词的9条蕴含共性。除“固体类”和“流体类”功能项之外,“可吸收类”是吃喝动词关联最多的功能项。

Eating and drinking verbs are often polysemous.By investigating the collocation objects of eating and drinking verbs in 12 dialects and languages,16 functional items of those verbs are concluded,and the corresponding semantic map is drawn.In different languages,there are more functional items of“eat”verbs than“drink”verbs,even far more than the functional items of“drink”verbs,which is related to the lexical range,language type and usage frequency.On the basis of semantic map,nine implied commonalities of eating and drinking verbs in different languages are concluded.In addition to“solid”and“fluid”,“absorbable class”is the most associated functional term of eating and drinking verbs.