民粹主义的价值取向:与民主的比较

The Value Orientation of Populism:A Comparison with Democracy

民粹主义价值取向的问题,是民粹范畴及其概念研究的基本内容,但目前对该问题的研究尚较宽泛且不甚清晰。通过与民主比较的方式,可以有效辨识民粹主义具体的价值取向。民粹主义来源于对民主基本价值的追逐,但又构成对其的幻化与背离。民粹主义背离了民主的内在价值,是对民主、平等、公意等价值的歪曲与幻化。同时,民粹主义也跳脱了自由主义传统和共和主义传统对民主的外在规范性,是对主权在民、自由、多元价值,乃至对美德、参与价值的歪曲性理解。对民粹主义价值取向的研究,有利于把握民粹主义的实质,为进一步明晰民粹主义范畴和概念提供理论支持。

The value orientation of populism is the basic content of the research on the category and concept of populism,but the current view on this issue is still broad and unclear.By comparing with democracy,we can effectively identify the specific value orientation of populism.Populism comes from the pursuit of the basic values of democracy,but it also constitutes the illusion and deviation from it.Populism deviates from the intrinsic values of democracy,such as the distortion and illusion of the values of the supremacy of the people,equality and public will.At the same time,populism also breaks away from the external normative nature of democracy in the tradition of liberalism and republicanism,including the distorted understanding of popular sovereignty,freedom,multiple values,and even the value of virtue and participation.The research on the value orientation of populism is conducive to grasp the essence of populism,and provides indirect theoretical support for further clarifying the category of populism and the concept of populism.