组态视角下突发事件提级问责结果的影响因素研究——基于29个案例的模糊集定性比较分析

A Study on the Influencing the Result of Emergency Upgraded Accountability From a Configuration Perspective——Qualitative Comparative Analysis of Fuzzy Sets Based on 29 Cases

提级问责是党和国家用以矫正常态治理失效的一种手段,一定程度上可以破解突发事件应急管理难题,提高应急管理绩效。以2014—2022年29个被提级调查的突发事件为研究对象,采用模糊集定性比较分析方法(fsQCA)探析事故类型、事故严重程度、权力类型、责任类型、领导批示及舆论压力六个具体条件变量相互依赖对提级问责结果的复杂影响机制。基于委托—代理理论和注意力理论,构建“事件属性—权责结构—注意力分配”的三维分析框架,解释何种变量组合共同影响了提级问责结果。研究发现:事故类型和事故严重程度是影响突发事件提级问责结果的必要条件和充分条件;提级问责结果的影响路径共有五种,具有“殊途同归”效果,具体概括为外部舆论助推型、内部压力主导型和内外联合驱动型三种模式。结果表明,事件属性是影响突发事件提级问责结果的核心要素,权责结构是影响突发事件提级问责结果的结构化因素,上级领导和公众的注意力分配是影响突发事件提级问责结果的主要力量。为了有效发挥提级问责机制应对突发事件的效能,应注重提升提级问责的制度化和法治化水平。

Upgraded accountability is a means for the Party and the state to rectify the failure of normal governance,which can solve the difficulties of emergency management and improve the performance of emergency management.Taking 29 emergencies investigated by upgraded from 2014 to 2022 as the research object,the Fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis method(fsQCA)is used to explore the complex influence mechanism of the interdependence of six specific conditional variables,namely,event type,event severity,power type,responsibility type,leadership instructions and public opinion pressure on the results of upgraded accountability.Based on the principal-agent theory and attention theory,an attempt is made to construct a three-dimensional analysis framework of event attribute,power and responsibility structure and attention allocation,explaining which combination of variables jointly affects the results of upgraded accountability.Research finds that the type and severity of events are necessary and sufficient conditions for influencing the results of emergency upgraded accountability;There are five influencing paths for the results of upgraded accountability,which have the effect of reaching the same goal through different paths.Specifically,we can summarize three models:external public opinion driven,internal pressure driven,and internal and external joint driven.The results indicate that event attribute is the core element that affect the results of emergency upgraded accountability,the power and responsibility structure is a structured factor that affects the results of emergency upgraded accountability.The attention distribution of superiors and the public is the main force that affects the results of emergency upgraded accountability.In order to effectively utilize the effectiveness of the mechanism of upgraded accountability in responding to emergencies,attention should be paid to improving the institutionalization and rule of law level of upgraded accountability.