碳化树菇光热转化材料的制备及海水淡化性能研究

Research on preparation of carbonized tree mushroom and its application in seawater desalination

以天然树菇为原材料,使用高温碳化的方法获得具有分等级孔的碳结构,并将碳化后的树菇表面沉积金、银贵金属纳米颗粒得到Au/C和Ag/C复合材料,分别测试其海水淡化性能。结果表明,在400、500、600℃温度下进行碳化处理的树菇,其蒸发速率分别为0.4117、0.4598、0.5135 g/(cm^(2)·h),碳化树菇与金、银2种贵金属复合后,其蒸发速率分别为0.7500、0.6384 g/(cm^(2)·h),比未负载的碳化树菇分别提高46%和24%。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、紫外-可见吸收光谱仪(UV-Vis)、热重分析仪(TGA)和红外热像仪对材料进行表征,结果表明,碳化树菇具有竖直的圆柱形通道和分等级孔结构,可形成快速的蒸汽传输孔道,能显著提高海水淡化速率。同时碳化树菇与贵金属的LSPR效应协同还可提高光热转换速率,Au/C和Ag/C材料的表面温度在太阳光照5 min时温度分别达到46.3℃和48.0℃,比纯碳材料提高6.1℃和7.8℃。该研究表明碳化树菇在海水淡化领域具有很好的应用前景。

Carbonized biomass structure with hierarchical pore was obtained through high-temperature annealing method by using tree mushroom as raw materials.Gold and silver noble metal nanoparticles were deposited on the surface of carbonized tree mushroom to obtain composite materials,and their seawater desalination performance was tested.The experimental results showed that the evaporation rates of carbonized tree mushroom fired at 400,500,600℃were 0.4117,0.4598,0.5135 g/(cm^(2)·h),respectively.The evaporation rates of carbonized tree mushroom combined with Au and Ag metals were 0.7500 g/(cm^(2)·h)and 0.6384g/(cm^(2)·h),respectively,which were 46%and 24%higher than those of the unloaded carbonized tree mushroom.The photothermal conversion materials were characterized by using scanning electron microscopy(SEM),ultraviolet visible absorption spectroscopy(UV-Vis),thermogravimetric analysis(TGA),and infrared thermal imaging.The results showed that the carbonized tree mushroom had a vertical cylinder channel and hierarchical pore structure,which can form fast steam transport channels and significantly improve the desalination rate of seawater.At the same time,the LSPR effect of the carbonized tree mushroom and precious metals decoration synergistically improved the photothermal conversion rate.The surface temperatures of Au/C and Ag/C materials reached 46.3℃and 48.0℃respectively under 5 minutes of sunlight irradiation,which were 6.1℃and 7.8℃higher than pure carbon materials.The work indicates that carbonized tree mushroom material has potential applications in the field of seawater desalination.