威海某医院2022年住院患者医院感染情况分析

Analysis of Inpatient Hospital Infections in a Hospital in Weihai in 2022

目的:分析威海市中心医院2022年住院患者医院感染情况。方法:收集2022年1—12月威海市中心医院住院患者64615例的病历资料,分析患者医院感染率及其在各科室及发生部位的分布情况,统计分析各科室感染患者病原菌送检率及病原菌种类情况。结果:该院2022年度医院总感染率为1.56%,其中医院感染发生率最高在ICU,其次在神经外科、康复科、肾内科、血液科、骨科,最低在乳腺外科。医院感染部位主要为下呼吸道感染,其次为泌尿道感染,再次为手术相关感染和败血症,关节感染发生率最低。医院感染患者病原学送检率为88.48%,送检率最高的科室为ICU、神经外科、妇产科、泌尿外科、乳腺外科,达100%,其次为呼吸内科、骨科,分别为98.41%和94.00%,送检率最低的为心内科、肝胆外科,均<70%;892例送检标本中,557例检出细菌,其中革兰阴性菌(G-菌)495例,占68.85%,革兰阳性菌(G+菌)144例,占20.03%;80例真菌占11.13%。G-菌以肺炎克雷伯菌、大肠埃希菌、铜绿假单胞菌为主,其中肺炎克雷伯菌检出率最高,达18.36%。G+菌以屎肠球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌为主。结论:2022年度,威海市中心医院住院患者医院感染率总体达标,但在ICU、神经外科等科室以及呼吸道感染、泌尿道、败血症、手术相关感染率较高,感染以G-菌为主,应做好相关科室和感染部位的重点防控工作,密切监测,以减少医院感染的发生。

Objective:To analyze the inpatient hospital infections in Weihai Central Hospital in 2022.Methods:Collected medical records of sixty-four thousand six hundred and fifteen cases of inpatients in Weihai Central Hospital from January to December 2022,analyzed the rate of hospital infections among patients and their distribution in each department and site of occurrence,and statistically analyzed the rate of sending pathogenic bacteria to be detected in patients with infections in each department and the types of pathogenic bacteria.Results:The total hospital infection rate in this hospital was 1.56%in 2022,with the highest incidence of hospital infection in ICU,followed by neurosurgery,rehabilitation,nephrology,hematology,orthopedics,and the lowest in breast surgery;The site of hospital infection was mainly lower respiratory tract infection,followed by urinary tract infection,followed by surgery-related infection and sepsis,and the lowest incidence of joint infection;The rate of pathogenetic delivery of patients with in-hospital infections was 88.48%,and the departments with the highest delivery rate were ICU,neurosurgery,obstetrics and gynecology,urology,and breast surgery,which amounted to 100%;This was followed by respiratory medicine and orthopedics with 98.41%and 94.00%,respectively,and the lowest delivery rates were cardiology and hepatobiliary surgery,both<70%;Among the eight hundred and ninety-two specimens sent for examination,bacteria were detected in five hundred and fifty-seven cases,of which gram-negative bacteria(G-bacteria)accounted for four hundred and ninety-five cases(68.85%),and gram-positive bacteria(G+bacteria)accounted for one hundred and forty-four cases(20.03%);Eighty cases of fungi accounted for 11.13%.G-bacteria were dominated by Klebsiella pneumoniae,Escherichia coli,and Pseudomonas aeruginosa,with Klebsiella pneumoniae having the highest detection rate of 18.36%;G+bacteria were dominated by Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus.Conclusion:In 2022,the hospital infection rate of inpatients in Weihai Central Hospital reached the standard in general,but the rate of respiratory tract infection,urinary tract,sepsis,and surgery-related infections was higher in ICU,neurosurgery,and other departments,and the infections were predominantly G-bacteria,and the key prevention and control work in related departments and infection sites should be done and monitored closely in order to reduce the occurrence of hospital infections.