应用酶联免疫吸附法在筛查人类免疫缺陷病毒抗体中的应用效果

Application Effect of Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay in Screening Human Immunodeficiency Virus Antibodies

目的:研究酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)在筛查人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)抗体中的应用效果。方法:选取2021年5月—2022年5月济宁市兖州区疾病预防控制中心收治的疑似艾滋病患者94例为研究对象,均使用胶体金法、ELISA进行HIV抗体筛查。以免疫印迹法结果为“金标准”,比较胶体金法与ELISA诊断结果及灵敏度、特异度、准确率。结果:胶体金法检测真阳性71例,真阴性12例;ELISA检测真阳性79例,真阴性8例。ELISA诊断结果及灵敏度高于胶体金法,差异有统计学意义(P=0.016);胶体金法特异度高于ELISA,差异有统计学意义(P=0.047);ELISA与胶体金法准确率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:相比于胶体金法,在艾滋病HIV抗体筛查中应用ELISA的灵敏度更高,可作为初筛检查应用。但受到反转录病毒影响存在一定假阳性概率,还需要进一步复核确诊。

Objective:To study the effect of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)in screening human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)antibodies.Methods:A total of ninety-four suspected acquired immune deficiency syndrome patients admitted to Jining Yanzhou District Disease Control and Prevention Center from May 2021 to May 2022 were selected as the study objects.All of them were screened for HIV antibody using colloidal gold method and ELISA.Taking the results of Western blot as the"gold standard",the diagnostic results of colloidal gold method and ELISA were compared as well as the sensitivity,specificity and accuracy.Results:There were 71 true positive cases and 12 true negative cases by colloidal gold method;there were 79 true positive cases and 8 true negative cases by ELISA test;the diagnostic results and sensitivity of ELISA were higher than that of colloidal gold,and the difference was statistically significant(P=0.016);the specificity of colloidal gold method was higher than that of ELISA,the difference was statistically significant(P=0.047);there was no significant difference in accuracy between ELISA and colloidal gold method(P>0.05).Conclusion:Compared with the colloidal gold method,the sensitivity of the application of ELISA in HIV antibody screening is higher,and can be used as a preliminary screening test.However,there is a certain probability of false positive under the influence of retrovirus,and further review and diagnosis are needed.