西药抗菌药物应用的不良反应分析及相关对策

Analysis of Adverse Reactions and Related Countermeasures of the Use of Western Antibiotics

目的:分析西药抗菌药物应用的不良反应及相关对策。方法:选择2021年5月-2022年5月贵州省人民医院符合研究药物的西药抗菌药物治疗且发生不良反应患者100例作为研究对象,分析西药抗菌药物使用不良反应及其应对对策。结果:100例使用西药抗菌药物患者中,青霉素类、头孢菌素类、喹诺酮的使用率较高,分别为15.00%、34.00%、40.00%。100例抗菌药物使用后不良反应累计部位有皮肤及组织59.00%(59/100)、消化系统18.00%(18/100)、心血管系统12.00%(12/100)、中枢神经系统5.00%(5/100)、呼吸系统4.00%(4/100)、血液系统2.00%(2/100)。100例研究对象抗菌药物不合理使用表现形式以剂量使用过大12.00%(12/100)、药物浓度过高18.00%(18/100)、滴速过快25.00%(25/100)、疗程过长30.00%(30/100)占比较高,未做皮试及未了解患者药物过敏史占比均≤5.00%。结论:临床西药抗菌药物使用存在剂量使用过大、疗程过长、药物浓度过高等不合理现象,不合理使用是患者使用抗菌药物时发生不良反应的主要原因,因此临床需要通过完善抗菌药物使用管理制度、提升医务人员专业技能、加强抗菌药物使用原则及方法管理等措施提高抗菌药物用药安全性,同时加强安全、规范使用抗生素相关知识宣教。

Objective:To analyze the adverse reactions and related countermeasures of the use of western antibiotics.Methods:A total of one hundred patients with adverse reactions due to Western antibiotic treatment in Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital from May 2021 to May 2022 were selected as the study objects to analyze the adverse reactions of Western antibiotic use and countermeasures.Results:Among the 100 patients with Western antibiotics,the use rates of penicillins,cephalosporins and quinolones were higher,15.00%,34.00%and 40.00%,respectively;The cumulative sites of adverse reactions after the use of antibiotics in 100 cases were skin and tissue 59.00%(59/100),digestive system 18.00%(18/100),cardiovascular system 12.00%(12/100),central nervous system 5.00%(5/100),respiratory system 4.00%(4/100),and blood system 2.00%(2/100);The irrational use of antibiotics in 100 subjects was characterized by excessive dosage of 12.00%(12/100),excessive drug concentration of 18.00%(18/100),rapid drip rate of 25.00%(25/100),and excessive course of treatment of 30.00%(30/100)accounted for a higher proportion,the proportion of patients who did not do skin test and did not know the history of drug allergy was≤5.00%.Conclusion:There are unreasonable phenomena of excessive dose,long course and high concentration of antibiotics in clinical use of Western medicine.Irrational use is the main cause of adverse reactions when patients use antibiotics.Therefore,it is necessary to improve the safety of antimicrobial drugs by improving the management system of antimicrobial drug use,improving the professional skills of medical personnel,strengthening the management of the principles and methods of antimicrobial drug use,and strengthening the knowledge education about the safe and standardized use of antibiotics.