2020—2022年某院抗菌药物相关不良反应的临床特征与策略分析

Clinical characteristics and Strategy Analysis of Antimicrobial Drug-related Adverse Reactions in a Hospital from 2020 to 2022

目的:探究分析2020—2022年某院抗菌药物相关不良反应的临床特征,并制定应对策略。方法:选取2020年1月—2022年12月于云浮市新兴县人民医院接受抗菌药物治疗并发生药物不良反应(ADR)的患者126例作为研究对象,收集患者的年龄、性别等信息,分析患者不同年龄段抗菌药物的ADR发生率,引发ADR的抗菌药品种类分布及构成比,统计患者ADR累及系统/部位与具体表现。结果:126例患者中,抗菌药物使用期间ADR发生率最高的为>60岁患者,发生率为29.36%;其次为>50~60岁的患者,发生率为20.63%;第3位为18~30岁的患者,发生率为16.67%。抗菌药物使用期间发生ADR的患者中,以头孢菌素类分布最高,构成比为31.75%;其次为喹诺酮类,构成比为25.40%;第3位为β-内酰胺类/β-内酰胺酶抑制剂,构成比为23.81%。126例患者中,ADR累及系统构成比最高为皮肤及其皮下组织,构成比为32.54%;其次为消化系统,构成比为23.01%;第3位为神经系统,构成比为11.11%。结论:抗菌药物相关ADR可发生在不同年龄段,多见于>50岁患者,且受抗菌药物种类的影响,患者出现不同程度累及表现。

Objective:To investigate and analyze the clinical characteristics of antimicrobial drug-related adverse reactions in a hospital from 2020 to 2022,and to develop coping strategies.Methods:126 patients who were treated with antimicrobial drugs and had adverse drug reactions(ADR)at the People's Hospital of Xinxing County,Yunfu City,from January 2020 to December 2022 were selected as the study subjects,and the information of the patients such like age and gender was collected to analyze the ADR incidence rate of antimicrobial drugs in different age groups of the patients,to figure out the distribution of antimicrobial drug spe⁃cies classes that triggered ADR and the composition ratio,and to formulate the statistics of ADR accumulation rate.The composition ratio of ADR,the system/site involved in ADR and the specific manifestations of the patients were statistically analyzed.Results:Among 126 patients,the highest incidence of ADR during antimicrobial drug use was found in patients>60 years old,with an inci⁃dence of 29.36%;followed by patients>50-60 years old,with an incidence of 20.63%;and the third was in patients 18-30 years old,with an incidence of 16.67%.Among the patients with ADR during antimicrobial drug administration,cephalosporins had the highest distribution,with a ratio of 31.75%;followed by quinolones with a ratio of 25.40%;andβ-lactams/β-lactamase inhibitors in the third place,with a ratio of 23.81%.Among the 126 patients,the highest systemic involvement of ADR was in the skin and its subcutaneous tissues,with a ratio of 32.54%;followed by the skin and its subcutaneous tissues,with a ratio of 32.54%;and followed by patients aged 18 to 30 years,with a rate of 16.67%.32.54%,followed by the digestive system with 23.01%,and the third highest was the nervous system with 11.11%.Conclusion:Antimicrobial drug-related ADR can occur in different age groups,mostly in pa⁃tients>50 years of age,and patients showed different degrees of manifestations depending on the type of antimicrobial drug.