冷季不同饲养管理模式对牦牛生长、脂肪沉积及养殖效益的影响

Effects of Different Models for Feeding and Management on the Growth,Fat Deposition,and Breeding Benefits of Yak during the Cold Season

冷季不同饲养管理模式对牦牛生长性能、脂肪沉积及养殖经济效益等产生重要影响。本研究在冷季分别对公牦牛进行自然放牧(SEG1组)和投喂不同粗精比的饲粮,结果表明:与SEG1组相比,补饲组牦牛平均日增重(ADG)显著提高(P<0.05);补饲组碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、葡萄糖(GLU)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、游离脂肪酸(NEFA)、脂肪酸合成酶(FAS)和脂蛋白脂酶(LPL)含量显著高于SEG1组(P<0.05);各补饲组牦牛肝脏组织内脂滴表达面积百分比显著高于SEG1组(P<0.05),各补饲组之间也存在显著差异(P<0.05);与SEG1组相比,SEC50组、SEC30组和SEC10组牦牛养殖利润分别提高228.77%,258.69%和115.52%。综上所述,冷季补饲管理可有效提高牦牛的生长性能,增强机体脂肪沉积和代谢功能,提高牦牛养殖经济效益,补饲饲粮粗精料比为70∶30效果最佳。

Different feeding management modes in the cold season have important effects on the growth performance,fat deposition and economic benefits of yak breeding.In the present study,male yaks were naturally grazed(SEG1 group)and fed with diets by different roughage to concentrate ratios in the cold season.The results showed that:Compared with the SEG1,the average daily gain(ADG)of yaks in the three supplementary feeding groups was significantly increased(P<0.05).The contents of alkaline phosphatase(ALP),total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG),glucose(GLU),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),free fatty acid(NEFA),fatty acid synthase(FAS)and lipoprotein lipase(LPL)in supplementary feeding groups were significantly higher than those in the SEG1 group(P<0.05).The percentage of lipid droplet expression area in the liver tissue of yaks in three supplemental feeding groups was significantly higher than that in the SEG1 group(P<0.05),and there were significant differences among the supplementary feeding groups(P<0.05).Compared with the SEG1,the yak breeding profit of supplementary feeding group SEC50,SEC30,and SEC10 increased by 228.77%,258.69%,and 115.52%,respectively.In conclusion,supplementary feeding management in the cold season can effectively enhance the growth performance of yaks,enhance the body fat deposition and metabolic function,and improve the economic benefit of breeding for yaks,and the ratio of roughage to concentrate in the supplemental feeding diet was 70∶30 for the best effect.