中国电弧炉炼钢生产情况调研

Investigation on electric arc furnace steelmaking production in China

钢铁行业是中国经济发展的基础工业,未来中国钢铁的需求量将依然旺盛,钢铁行业在高速发展的同时也面临着巨大的碳减排压力。电弧炉炼钢短流程相较于转炉炼钢长流程具有流程短、能耗低、碳排放量少的特点,优势明显。为更好地支持钢铁产业结构化调整,需要对电弧炉炼钢的技术装备水平和生产操作水平进行调研和了解。通过调研发现,现在国内的电弧炉炼钢设备公称容量主要以70~100 t为主,技术装备水平与国外相当,主要的电弧炉炼钢生产炉型在国内均有运行,生产操作水平能够达到国际同等先进水平,最好的冶炼周期水平可以实现从出钢到出钢的时间为35 min,但多数企业的实际操作居于中等水平,有待继续提高。调研结果对中国实现“碳达峰”“碳中和”目标和提高钢铁供给竞争力具有重要的意义。

Iron and steel industry is the basic industry of China's economic development,the future demand for iron and steel in China will remain strong,and the iron and steel industry is also facing huge pressure of carbon emission reduction while developing at high speed.Compared with the long process of converter steelmaking,the short process of electric arc furnace steelmaking has obvious advantages in terms of short process,low energy consumption and low carbon emission.In order to better support the structural adjustment of the iron and steel industry,it is necessary to investigate and understand the technical equipment level and production operation level of electric arc furnace steelmaking.Through investigation,it is found that the nominal capacity of electric arc furnace steelmaking equipment in China is mainly 70-100 t,and the level of technology and equipment is comparable to that of foreign countries.The main electric arc furnace steelmaking production furnaces are running in China,and the level of production and operation can reach the same advanced level in the world.The best smelting cycle level can reach 35 min from tapping to tapping,but the actual operation level of most enterprises is medium,which needs to be further improved.The research results are of great significance for China to achieve the goals of"carbon peak"and"carbon neutrality"and improve the competitiveness of steel supply.