小说、典故与诗歌——从元好问“曲学虚荒小说欺”谈起

Tales,Allusions and Poetry:From a Line on Unorthodox Allusion in Yuan Haowen's Thirty Poems on Poetry

元好问《论诗三十首》是古代文论的名作,第23首中“曲学虚荒小说欺”一句,过去学者大多不予注释和讨论,中国文学批评史论著对此也大多跳过不讲。实际上此句所论是苏黄等宋代诗人在诗歌中使用小说和曲学典故的问题。宋人在博学风尚下大量阅读小说,与此同时,宋人作诗又好用僻典,于是小说和曲学成为诗歌用典和取材的重要来源。苏轼、黄庭坚等人诗中使用小说典故表现突出,并开启了一时的风气,而到南宋和金代,元好问等人则对这种诗风和诗学进行了批评。

Yuan Haowen's Thirty Poems on Poetry was an important work of pre-modern Chinese literary theory.However,a line from the 23^(rd) poem,which reads“unorthodox learning and tales are deceiving”,has received scant commentary and discussion in existing scholarship.Most works on the history of Chinese literary criticism have also overlooked this line.In fact,the line addresses the use of allusion in the poems of Song poets like Su Shi and Huang Tingjian.The erudite scholars and poets of the Song dynasty were inclined to engage extensively with tales and favored emplying unconventional allusions in their poems.Consequently,tales and unorthodox learning became significant sources of poetic allusion,a trend notably exemplified by Su Shi and Huang Tingjian.However,during the Southern Song and Jin dynasties,scholars like Yuan Haowen began to critique this stylistic approach.