“呐喊”的初声及其他——从《怀旧》到《狂人日记》

The First Cry of Call to Arms and Related Topics:From Nostalgia to Diary of a Madman

关于《呐喊》的第一声为什么是《狂人日记》,学界历来鲜有讨论。要阐释这个问题,须回到鲁迅作为晚清启蒙-革命的亲历者、见证者所磨砺出的情感-精神结构及其思想生成过程,回到鲁迅对晚清民初社会结构的把握及其文本展开方式中进行考察。写于1911年的《怀旧》已较充分地呈现出鲁迅独到的社会结构性视野,而一直被视为启蒙主义文本的《狂人日记》,在启蒙的面向之外,尚存在未被深入发掘的多重内在结构,鲁迅正是借助狂人的日记这一特殊文本形式将多重内在结构凝结在最简练的文学书写方式中,并由此探寻启蒙-革命的新方向、内容和形式。

There has been little discussion in the academic world as to why the first cry of Call to Arms is Diary of a Madman.To address this question,we must delve in to Lu Xun's emotional-spiritual framework and thought-generating process,which he honed as a witness to and participant in the enlightenment and revolution of the late Qing dynasty.Additionally,we need to examine Lu Xun's understanding of the social structure of the late Qing and early Republican periods,as well as his methods of textual development.Written in 1911,Nostalgia already presented Lu Xun's unique perspectives on social structure quite comprehensively,while Diary of a Madman,traditionally regarded as an enlightenment text,contained multiple internal structures that have yet to be fully explored.Lu Xun employed the distinctive format of the madman's diary to condense these multiple internal structures into the most concise literary form,thereby exploring new directions,content and forms for enlightenment and revolution.