合肥市6岁以下儿童家长对手足口病认知及EV71疫苗接种情况调查

Investigation of hand-foot-mouth disease awareness and EV71 vaccination among parents of children under 6 years old in Hefei city

目的 调查合肥市6岁以下儿童家长对小儿手足口病的认识和肠道病毒71型(EV71)疫苗接种情况,提高EV71疫苗接种率。方法 采用整群抽样法从安徽医科大学附属省儿童医院儿科2017年1月—2020年6月手足口病患儿家长中抽取522名家长为研究对象,利用自制的调查问卷调查其对小儿手足口病的认知;统计EV71疫苗接种情况,构建Logistic回归分析模型,分析影响EV71疫苗接种率的因素。结果 合肥市6岁以下儿童家长对于小儿手足口病的定义、临床症状、并发症、传播途径、预防、小儿手足口病认知来源、小儿手足口病认知需求的认知率均在70%以下;EV71疫苗接种率为25.73%;多因素Logistic回归分析显示,家长居住地为农村、父母最高文化程度初中及以下是EV71疫苗接种的独立影响因素(P<0.05),所育子女有手足口病病史、亲友所育子女有手足口病病史、有卫生部门宣教或督导是其保护因素(P<0.05)。结论 合肥市6岁以下儿童家长对小儿手足口病的相关认知均处于较低水平,开展专业的健康宣教指导以改善其认知是提高EV71疫苗接种率的有效举措。

Objective To investigate the knowledge of parents of children under 6 years old with hand-foot-mouth disease(HFMD)and the vaccination of Enterovirus 71(EV71)in Hefei,so as to improve the vaccination rate of EV71.Methods 522 parents of children with HFMD in Hefei were selected by cluster sampling from the parents of children with HFMD in Children’s Hospital of Anhui Medical University from January 2017 to June 2020,and their cognition about HFMD was investigated with self-designed questionnaires.The EV71 vaccination was counted,and the influencing factors of EV71 vaccination rate were analyzed by constructing a logistic regression analysis model.Results The definition,clinical symptoms,complications,transmission route,prevention,cognitive source and cognitive needs of parents of children under 6 years old in Hefei were all below 70%.The EV71 vaccination rate was 25.73%.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the rural residence,junior high school or below education were the independent influencing factors of EV71 vaccination(P<0.05),and having a history of HFMD among children raised by relatives and friends,as well as receiving supervision from health departments(P<0.05).Conclusion The parents of children under 6 years old in Hefei had a low level of knowledge about children’s HFMD.Conducting professional health education and guidance to improve their awareness had become an effective measure to increase the EV71 vaccination rate.