短道速滑运动员训练及竞赛期间负面情绪的产生及干预措施

Occurrence of Short-Track Speed Skaters' Negative Emotions and Interventions during Training and Competition

短道速度滑冰项目节奏紧张、竞争激烈,对运动员心理素质的要求非常高,在训练和比赛中,运动员如出现负面情绪会直接影响其竞技水平的发挥。对短道速滑运动员部分负面情绪及特征表现进行分析,发现动机水平不高、技战术水平不足、对手实力过强、比赛目标制定不合理等是负面情绪常见的致因。提出提高运动员的竞技水平、提升运动员文化和认知水平、建立良好的运动队氛围、采取适宜的心理训练措施等干预措施。通过做好长期规划与短期应对,科学有效地控制短道速滑运动员的负面情绪,使其保持最佳竞技状态;并通过对运动员心理阵地的不懈建设,促进我国短道速滑项目实现可持续发展。

Short track speed skating program has a tense rhythm and fierce competition,which has very high requirements on athletes' psychological quality.In the process of training and competition,athletes' negative emotions will directly affect their competitive level.This paper has analyzed some negative emotions and characteristics of short track speed skating athletes,it's found that low motivation level,insufficient technical and tactical level,strong opponent strength,and unreasonable competition goal setting are common causes of negative emotions.Aiming to these problems,it has proposed the measures such as improving the competitive level of athletes,enhancing their cultural and cognitive level,establishing a good sports team atmosphere,and adopting appropriate psychological training measures.By doing long-term planning and short-term response,scientifically and effectively controlling the negative emotions of short track speed skaters to maintain their optimal competitive state;and through unremitting construction of the psychological battlefield of athletes,it can promote the sustainable development of China's short track speed skating project.