流域多尺度耕地保护生态价值及其补偿标准

Ecological Value of Multi-scale Cultivated Land Protection and Compensation Standards in Watersheds

[目的]测算并分析流域多尺度耕地生态价值及补偿标准,为完善耕地保护补偿机制及促进区域协调发展提供科学参考。[方法]以吉林省辽河流域为例,运用当量子法、市场替代法、景观格局指数等,综合考虑耕地数量及空间配置情况、耕地质量差异及耕地生态负外部性,建立流域多尺度耕地生态价值核算体系,在此基础上,制定耕地生态补偿标准。[结果](1)吉林省辽河流域耕地具有非常重要的生态服务价值,且其价值具有显著的空间差异特征及尺度依赖效应。(2)2020年,辽河流域耕地生态价值为20 502.78元/hm^(2),各区县耕地生态价值取值在4 261.97~16 873.59元/hm^(2)。不同区域分布不均衡,整体西北地区高于东南地区。(3)流域耕地生态补偿标准为4 319.36元/hm^(2),各区县的补偿标准在814.68~3 471.85元/hm^(2),差异较大。[结论]针对不同空间尺度,应结合耕地生态价值及地区实际,建立差别化的耕地保护生态补偿标准及方案。

[Objective] The ecological value of cultivated land and compensation standards at multiple scales in a watershed was measured and analyzed in order to provide scientific reference for improving the compensation mechanism for cultivated land protection and promoting coordinated regional development.[Methods] The Liaohe River basin in Jilin Province was taking as an example,and used the equivalent sub-method,the market substitution method,and a landscape pattern index were used to establish a multi-scale cultivated land ecological value accounting system for the basin.The quantity and spatial allocation of cultivated land,differences in cultivated land quality,and the negative ecological externality of cultivated land were taken into account.On this basis,the cultivated land ecological compensation standard was formulated.[Results](1) Cultivated land had very important ecological values in the Liaohe River basin of Jilin Province,and the ecological values had significant spatial differences and scale-dependent effects.(2) In 2020,the ecological value of cultivated land in the watershed was 20 502.78 yuan/ha,and the ecological value of cultivated land in each district and county had values between 4 261.97 and 16 873.59 yuan/ha,with values in the northwest region being higher than in the southeast region.(3) The compensation standard for cultivated land protection in the watershed was 4 319.36 yuan/ha,and the compensation standard of each district and county ranged from 814.68 to 3 471.85 yuan/ha.[Conclusion] For different spatial scales,differentiated ecological compensation standards and programs for cultivated land protection should be established,taking into account the ecological value of cultivated land and regional realities.