基于生态敏感性评价的山水型旅游度假区保护性开发建设与调控对策——以南京市国家级老山森林公园东区为例

Conservation development construction and regulation measures of landscape tourism resort based on ecological sensitivity evaluation——Taking the East district of national Laoshan Forest Park in Nanjing as an example

旅游度假资源保护性开发建设是国家生态文明建设的基本要求。以南京市国家级老山森林公园东区为研究对象,提供旅游度假区生态绿色发展的方向与对策。基于GIS空间分析,构建由地形地貌、土地利用、森林生态系统、湿地生态系统、生物多样性等5个要素组成的生态敏感评价指标体系,以30 m×30 m网格评价单元,开展单项因子和综合的生态敏感性评价。结果表明:研究区域生态敏感性整体上较高;单因子生态敏感评价中,土地利用结构和开发强度以及森林生态系统的林木斑块面积与数量对生态敏感程度的影响较为明显。综合生态敏感性评价中,极敏感区和高度敏感区共占研究区域面积的44.79%,中度敏感区约占17.20%,轻度敏感区和不敏感区各占17.16%和20.85%;极敏感区、高度敏感区分布在老山国家级森林公园的生态保育区和核心景观区域、老山南北山坡和山顶及佛手湖等水源涵养区域。构建开发与保护协调的空间格局,提出禁止、限制、管控和支撑5项对策建议。

The protection development and construction of tourist resort resources are the basic requirements of national ecological civilization construction.This paper takes the east district of Nanjing National Laoshan Forest Park as the research object.The aim is to provide the direction and countermeasure of eco-green development in tourism resorts.Based on GIS spatial analysis,an ecological sensitive evaluation system composed of landform,land use,forest ecosystem,wetland ecosystem,and biodiversity was established.The single factor and the comprehensive ecological sensitivity evaluation were carried out with a 30 m×30 m grid evaluation unit.The results showed that the ecological sensitivity in the study area is higher on the whole.In the single factor ecological sensitivity evaluation,the land use structure and development intensity as well as forest patch area and number in forest ecosystem have obvious effects on the ecological sensitivity degree.In the comprehensive ecological sensitivity evaluation,the extremely sensitive and highly sensitive areas accounted for 44.79% of the study area.The moderately sensitive areas accounted for about 17.20%.The mildly sensitive areas accounted for 17.16%and the non-sensitive areas accounted for 20.85%.The extremely sensitive areas and highly sensitive areas are distributed in the ecological conservation area and core landscape area of Nanjing National Laoshan Forest Park,the north and south slopes and hilltops of Laoshan Mountain,and the water conservation areas such as Foshou Lake.To construct the spatial pattern of coordination between development and protection,five countermeasures and suggestions are put forward,including prohibition,restriction,control,and support.